Barnfield Road Warrington

47 addresses across 4 postcodes (WA1), about 440 m (0.3 miles) long, classed as a local road. USRN 42203342.

  • Sales: 66 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £245,000 across 4 sales.
  • Energy: 27 homes have an energy certificate (C: 4, D: 15, E: 7, F: 1).
  • Flood: 1 address on its postcodes is in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band C; Band D in Warrington costs £2,448 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Padgate, about 1.3 km (0.8 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden, Woolston Park, is about 360 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 11.0 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.6 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 12 to 15 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 20 of its 47 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Holes Lane Medical LTD., about 270 m away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
  • People: About 690 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 70% of households owned their home and 21% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 24 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20254£245,000£165,000£290,000
20242£302,500£280,000£325,000
20231£325,000£325,000£325,000
20211£235,000£235,000£235,000
20201£202,500£202,500£202,500
20191£145,000£145,000£145,000
20183£230,000£206,000£240,000
20172£198,100£191,200£205,000
20164£175,000£166,000£183,000
20153£124,950£124,950£135,000
20141£134,000£134,000£134,000
20131£127,710£127,710£127,710
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 66)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
31 Oct 202567 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£228,000
28 Oct 202531 WA1 4NRSemi-detached£290,000Leasehold.
25 Apr 202569 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£165,000
21 Feb 202517 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£262,000Leasehold.
21 Feb 202517 WA1 4NWOther£262,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
30 Oct 20241 WA1 4NWOther£370,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
30 Oct 20241 WA1 4NWOther£370,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
26 Apr 202427 WA1 4NRSemi-detached£325,000Leasehold.
1 Mar 202421 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£280,000
9 Aug 202331 WA1 4NROther£1,100Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
9 Jun 20235 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£325,000
10 Feb 202161 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£235,000
1 Dec 202031 WA1 4NRSemi-detached£202,500Leasehold.
14 May 201967 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£145,000
14 Nov 201851 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£240,000
22 Oct 20185 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£206,000
22 Jun 201847 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£230,000
1 Sep 20173 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£191,200Leasehold.
1 Sep 20173 WA1 4NWOther£191,200Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
25 Aug 201715 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£205,000Leasehold.
5 Dec 201627 WA1 4NRSemi-detached£170,000Leasehold.
27 Jul 20165 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£180,000Leasehold.
19 May 201631 WA1 4NRSemi-detached£183,000Leasehold.
29 Jan 201617 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£166,000Leasehold.
7 Aug 201541 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£135,000
11 Feb 201517 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£124,950Leasehold.
11 Feb 201517 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£124,950
13 Jun 201414 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£134,000Leasehold.
6 Sep 20134 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£127,710Leasehold.
23 Nov 20119 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£140,000Leasehold.
17 Jan 201114 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£130,000Leasehold.
29 Oct 201051 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£180,000
20 Aug 20104 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£72,000Leasehold.
31 Aug 20093 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£115,000Leasehold.
1 May 200955 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£124,000
9 Apr 200911 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£125,000Leasehold.
26 Nov 200810 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£155,000Leasehold.
15 Aug 200714 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£135,500Leasehold.
9 Feb 200761 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£180,000
22 Nov 200651 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£164,500
11 Aug 200627 WA1 4NRSemi-detached£143,000Leasehold.
26 Jun 20064 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£134,500Leasehold.
6 Jan 200637 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£155,000
6 Jan 200637 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£155,000Leasehold.
18 Mar 200545 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£135,000Leasehold.
19 Mar 200447 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£126,000
20 Feb 20044 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£116,500Leasehold.
28 Nov 200353 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£142,250
1 Jul 200315 WA1 4NWSemi-detached£127,000Leasehold.
11 Apr 200353 WA1 4NSSemi-detached£115,000New build.

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from March 2009 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

27 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 84 m². Most common: House, semi-detached (21); Bungalow, semi-detached (6). Built: 1950-1966 (11); 1930-1949 (10); 1967-1975 (5). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (18); rented (social) (1).

Each home's certificates and sales (22 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Warrington in 2026-27: Band D £2,448 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,632£1,904£2,176£2,448£2,992£3,535£4,079£4,895

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band C (38% of about 1,290 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Finished in the last three months

  • 18 August 2026: BT, New service connection, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (minor works)
  • 6 August 2026: WARRINGTON BOROUGH COUNCIL, Highway repair and maintenance works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 0 addresses are in areas at high risk, 1 at medium risk and 11 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
WA1 4NWnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 4 unlikely
WA1 4NSnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WA1 4NRnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WA1 4PAnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 7 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 47 addresses are between 12 m and 15 m above sea level (14 m on average).

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
WA1 4NR100%100%100%0%
WA1 4NS100%100%100%0%
WA1 4NW100%100%100%0%
WA1 4PA100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsPadgate 118,000 journeys in 2024–251.3 km (0.8 miles)
Birchwood 437,000 journeys in 2024–251.9 km (1.2 miles)
Warrington Central 1.3 million journeys in 2024–253.5 km (2.2 miles)
Bus stops9 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 22 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Greymist Avenue Woolston110 m
Bus or coach stationWarrington Bus Interchange Stand A3.6 km (2.2 miles)
Car parksM6 Motorway Carpark2.1 km (1.3 miles)
EV charging pointsConnected Kerb Charging Stations1.9 km (1.2 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsManchester Airport MAN18.3 km (11 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Holes Lane Medical LTD.270 m
Pharmacies2 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Woolston Pharmacy300 m
NHS dentists2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Woolston Dental Surgery780 m (0.5 miles)
HospitalPadgate House, Community Hospital2.1 km (1.3 miles)
Police stationCheshire Constabulary2.7 km (1.7 miles)
Cash machines1 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest The Cooperative Food Holes Lane, Woolston Cashzone230 m

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Woolston Park 25 ha360 m
Play area4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 140 m²600 m (0.4 miles)
Playing field3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 6.6 ha450 m (0.3 miles)
AllotmentsUnnamed 1.7 ha1.7 km (1.1 miles)

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 3 parks and gardens, 31 hectares in all.

Landmarks

2 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).

Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Grey MistLake or reservoir370 m south
Woolston New CutLake or reservoir440 m (0.3 miles) south-east
Miles's BiteLake or reservoir1.4 km (0.9 miles) west
Radley CommonWood3.2 km (2 miles) north-west
The DingleValley4.4 km (2.8 miles) south
Pestfurlong HillHill5 km (3.1 miles) north-east

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)11.04010
Fine particles (PM2.5)6.6205
Particles (PM10)10.94015

All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
65 to 6910
60 to 6490
55 to 59100
Under 552747

20 of the street's 47 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Warrington: see them on the Warrington page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Woolston Community Primary SchoolPrimary4–11220 m No published inspection
King's Leadership Academy WarringtonSecondary11–18420 m (0.3 miles) No published inspection
St Peter's Catholic Primary School Roman CatholicPrimary4–11470 m (0.3 miles) Outstanding (Apr 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Woolston CofE Aided Primary School Church of EnglandPrimary5–11600 m (0.4 miles) Good (Oct 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Bruche AcademyPrimary2–11690 m (0.4 miles) Good (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Christ Church CofE Primary School Padgate Church of EnglandPrimary4–111.4 km (0.9 miles) Good (Sep 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Oswald's Catholic Primary School Roman CatholicPrimary3–111.6 km (1 mile) Good (Sep 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Cardinal Newman Catholic High School Roman CatholicSecondary11–161.7 km (1.1 miles) Good (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Padgate AcademySecondary11–161.8 km (1.1 miles) Good (May 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Thelwall Infant SchoolPrimary3–71.9 km (1.2 miles) Good (Mar 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Woolston Social Club WA1 4ADPub/bar/nightclub70 m4 Good30 Oct 2024
Warrington PFS WA1 4AERetailers - other70 m5 Very good11 Feb 2026
Greggs Warrington WA1 4AERestaurant/Cafe/Canteen100 m5 Very good18 Feb 2026
Subway WA1 4AETakeaway/sandwich shop100 m5 Very good16 Jul 2025
Kings Leadership Academy WA1 4PFSchool/college/university240 m5 Very good12 Dec 2024
Sainsbury's Local WA1 4AERetailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets240 m5 Very good28 May 2022
Woolston Wasps Link Club WA1 4PAHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises250 m5 Very good8 Dec 2025
A Monks Sports Club WA1 4NFPub/bar/nightclub250 m5 Very good18 Mar 2026
Woolston pharmacy WA1 3PPRetailers - other280 mExempt
Co op WA1 4NBRetailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets280 m5 Very good7 Jul 2026
Woolston Community Primary School WA1 4PASchool/college/university340 m5 Very good15 Jun 2026
Play & Sensory Centre WA1 4PNHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises420 m (0.3 miles)5 Very good2 Jul 2026
Green Lane & Fox Wood School WA1 4LSSchool/college/university430 m (0.3 miles)5 Very good15 Jul 2026

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

24 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences6
Criminal damage and arson4
Other theft4
Anti-social behaviour4
Shoplifting2
Public order2
Vehicle crime2

Most of these are attached to: On or near Ferndale Close (6); On or near New Cut Lane (5); On or near Barnfield Road (5); On or near Wentworth Avenue (3); On or near Abstone Close (3).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 3 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 693 residents in 341 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age5840
Children under 1512%17%
Aged 65 and over41%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)70%61%
Owned outright48%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rented19%17%
Private rented11%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work40%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)7%6%
Retired (of adults)46%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)4%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)30%32%
Travel to work by car or van58%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram0%4%
By any public transport, including bus3%8%
On foot or by bicycle9%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)69%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away6%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)21%34%
No qualifications28%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification12%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)98%91%
Cannot speak English well or at allunder 1%2%

Deprivation

The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 6 to 9 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

Nearby streets

Ferndale Close · Austral Avenue · Greymist Avenue · Cotterill Drive · Wentworth Avenue · Oakdene Avenue · Greenfields Close · Abstone Close · Hawthorne Avenue · New Cut Lane · Hall Road · New Cut Lane

All the streets in WA1 and across Warrington.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.