Broad Road High Garrett, Braintree

143 addresses across 10 postcodes (CM7), about 1.9 km (1.2 miles) long, classed as a a road. USRN 3900977.

  • Sales: 73 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £365,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 53 homes have an energy certificate (B: 7, C: 18, D: 20, E: 7, F: 1).
  • Flood: 4 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band C; Band D in Braintree costs £2,280 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 0% to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Braintree, about 3 km (1.9 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 1.4 km (0.8 miles) away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 6.8 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.0 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 67 to 77 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 116 of its 143 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Church Lane Surgery, about 1.4 km (0.9 miles) away.
  • People: About 1,250 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 81% of households owned their home and 22% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 8 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20261£365,000£365,000£365,000
20252£377,500£325,000£430,000
20241£277,500£277,500£277,500
20231£620,000£620,000£620,000
20222£415,000£355,000£475,000
20217£395,000£365,000£550,000
20202£272,500£220,000£325,000
20191£315,000£315,000£315,000
20183£390,000£367,500£435,000
20172£351,000£325,000£377,000
20161£385,000£385,000£385,000
20151£315,000£315,000£315,000
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 73)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
29 May 2026318 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£365,000
13 Mar 2026290 CM7 5NWDetached£350,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
22 Apr 2025306 CM7 5NWTerraced£430,000
27 Mar 2025320 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£325,000
11 Oct 2024276 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£277,500
17 Apr 2024282 CM7 5NWDetached£350,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
16 Feb 2023CLYDESDALE HOUSE, 266A CM7 5NJDetached£620,000
16 Dec 2022BROADFIELDS NURSERY CM7 5NJOther£1,000,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
31 Aug 2022304 CM7 5NWTerraced£355,000
1 Jul 2022246 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£475,000
3 Dec 2021262 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£395,000
29 Jun 2021240 CM7 5NJDetached£550,000
28 Jun 2021316 CM7 5NWDetached£375,000
10 Jun 2021242A CM7 5NJDetached£370,000
26 May 2021242 CM7 5NJDetached£455,000
4 May 2021260 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£365,000
5 Feb 2021244 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£420,000
6 Nov 2020318 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£325,000
10 Jul 2020302 CM7 5NWTerraced£220,000
4 Oct 2019272 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£315,000
26 Jul 2018266 CM7 5NJDetached£435,000
12 Jul 2018268 CM7 5NJDetached£390,000
2 May 2018262 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£367,500
29 Mar 2017270 CM7 5NJDetached£325,000
10 Jan 2017262 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£377,000
3 Aug 2016268A CM7 5NJDetached£385,000
31 Mar 2016262 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£215,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
11 Dec 2015246 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£315,000
3 Oct 2014266A CM7 5NJDetached£370,000
26 Jun 2014266 CM7 5NJDetached£365,000
31 May 2013254 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£210,000
20 Dec 2012306 CM7 5NWTerraced£235,000
7 Sep 2011258 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£230,000
30 Mar 2011320 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£205,000
13 Sep 2010316 CM7 5NWDetached£220,000
7 Sep 2010272 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£228,000
5 Nov 2009240 CM7 5NJDetached£248,000
5 Dec 2008322 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£195,000
14 Dec 2007260 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£242,000
24 May 2007322 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£230,000
18 May 2007244 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£245,000
16 Apr 2007296 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£172,000
3 Apr 2007272 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£250,000
1 Dec 2006300 CM7 5NWTerraced£205,000
15 Aug 2006240 CM7 5NJDetached£250,000
17 Jun 2005262 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£184,000
3 Sep 2004240 CM7 5NJDetached£240,000
12 Mar 2004300 CM7 5NWTerraced£148,000
27 Feb 2004306 CM7 5NWSemi-detached£148,000
31 Oct 2003244 CM7 5NJSemi-detached£147,500

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from March 2009 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

53 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 106 m². Most common: House, detached (18); House, semi-detached (14); Flat (13). Built: before 1900 (8); 1967-1975 (8); 1930-1949 (8). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (35); rented (private) (2).

Each home's certificates and sales (22 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Braintree in 2026-27: Band D £2,280 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,520£1,774£2,027£2,280£2,787£3,294£3,801£4,561

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band C (28% of about 1,930 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: 7.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Listed buildings

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Planned, as of 31 October 2026

  • 19 October 2026 to 4 December 2026: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, multi-way signals, on the carriageway (major (paa) works)
  • 19 October 2026 to 4 December 2026: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, multi-way signals, on the carriageway (major works)
  • 7 December 2026 to 9 December 2026: BT, Utility repair and maintenance works, multi-way signals, on the footway, carriageway, verge (minor works)
  • 1 March 2027 to 26 March 2027: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, multi-way signals, on the carriageway (major (paa) works)

Finished in the last three months

  • 5 October 2026 to 6 October 2026: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, multi-way signals, on the carriageway (minor works)
  • 3 October 2026: GIGACLEAR LIMITED, Remedial works, multi-way signals, on the carriageway (immediate - urgent works)
  • 30 September 2026: BT, Permanent reinstatement, multi-way signals, on the footway (minor works)
  • 10 September 2026 to 12 September 2026: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, road closure, on the carriageway (major works)
  • 9 September 2026: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, multi-way signals, on the carriageway (minor works)
  • 7 August 2026: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway repair and maintenance works, some carriageway incursion, on the verge (minor works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 2 addresses are in areas at high risk, 2 at medium risk and 4 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
CM7 5NPnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 1 unlikely
CM7 5NTnot in 2 or 3 1 / 0 / 0 unlikely
CM7 5NUnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
CM7 5NQnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
CM7 5NRnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
CM7 5NXnot in 2 or 3 1 / 0 / 0 unlikely
CM7 5NWnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 2 unlikely
CM7 5FWnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 1 unlikely
CM7 5NJnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely
CM7 5PLnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 145 addresses are between 67 m and 77 m above sea level (74 m on average); the ground rises about 10 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
CM7 5FW100%100%100%0%
CM7 5NJ100%100%100%0%
CM7 5NP100%94%94%0%
CM7 5NQ100%100%100%0%
CM7 5NR100%100%100%0%
CM7 5NT100%100%100%0%
CM7 5NU100%42%42%0%
CM7 5NW100%100%100%0%
CM7 5NX100%100%100%0%
CM7 5PL0%0%0%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsBraintree 631,000 journeys in 2024–253 km (1.9 miles)
Braintree Freeport 142,000 journeys in 2024–253.6 km (2.2 miles)
Cressing (Essex) 51,000 journeys in 2024–255.5 km (3.4 miles)
Bus stops2 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 11 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Broad Road Nursery Bocking120 m
Bus or coach stationBus Interchange Braintree Town Centre2.8 km (1.8 miles)
EV charging pointsbp pulse Charging Station2.7 km (1.7 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsLondon Stansted Airport STN23.2 km (14 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Church Lane Surgery1.4 km (0.9 miles)
PharmaciesChristchurch Pharmacy2.6 km (1.6 miles)
NHS dentistsBraintree Dental Centre2.6 km (1.6 miles)
HospitalBraintree Community Hospital3.1 km (1.9 miles)
Police stationBraintree Police Station2.7 km (1.7 miles)
Cash machinesChelmsford Star Coop Bocking, Bocking1.1 km (0.7 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or gardenUnnamed 1,950 m²1.4 km (0.8 miles)
Play area1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 790 m²680 m (0.4 miles)
Playing fieldUnnamed 9,550 m²1.6 km (1 mile)
AllotmentsUnnamed 1.8 ha920 m (0.6 miles)

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Lyons Hall, a listed building (Grade II*), 680 m (0.4 miles) east. 9 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 1 of them Grade I and 2 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Lyons HallListed building, Grade II*680 m (0.4 miles) east
Bocking windmillScheduled monument700 m (0.4 miles) north-west
WindmillListed building, Grade I700 m (0.4 miles) north-west
Doreward's HallListed building, Grade II*700 m (0.4 miles) west
Dovecote at The Old Deanery, 380m south of Bocking HallScheduled monument1.3 km (0.8 miles) west
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Round WoodWood310 m north-west
Bramble WoodWood1.3 km (0.8 miles) east
Lyonshall WoodWood1.4 km (0.9 miles) east
Clapgate WoodWood1.5 km (0.9 miles) north-east
Polly's HillHill1.5 km (0.9 miles) south-west
Hobbs Croft LakeLake or reservoir1.5 km (1 mile) north-west

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)6.84010
Fine particles (PM2.5)7.0205
Particles (PM10)12.34015

All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
75 dB or more10
70 to 74190
65 to 69440
60 to 64370
55 to 59150
Under 5527143

116 of the street's 143 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Braintree: see them on the Braintree page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Bocking Primary SchoolPrimary5–111 km (0.6 miles) No published inspection
Great Bradfords Junior SchoolPrimary7–111.8 km (1.1 miles) No published inspection
Great Bradfords Infant and Nursery SchoolPrimary3–71.8 km (1.1 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Pebmarsh Pride Egg Shed CM7 9SGRetailers - other450 m (0.3 miles)Exempt

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

8 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences6
Vehicle crime1
Other theft1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Broad Road (8).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 3 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 1,250 residents in 471 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age5040
Children under 1514%17%
Aged 65 and over27%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)81%61%
Owned outright41%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rented6%17%
Private rented13%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work56%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)5%6%
Retired (of adults)31%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)3%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)31%32%
Travel to work by car or van61%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram2%4%
By any public transport, including bus4%8%
On foot or by bicycle4%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)44%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away17%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)22%34%
No qualifications24%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification4%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)98%91%
Cannot speak English well or at allunder 1%2%

Deprivation

The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 5 to 8 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Roadworks Street works permit: GIGACLEAR LIMITED: Remedial works, 3 October 2026 (multi-way signals) found 3 November 2026
  • Roadworks Street works permit: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL: Highway improvement works, 1 March 2027 to 26 March 2027 (multi-way signals) found 3 November 2026
  • Roadworks Street works permit: BT: Utility repair and maintenance works, 7 December 2026 to 9 December 2026 (multi-way signals) found 3 November 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • CM7 5NP: 38 addresses of 42 in the postcode
  • CM7 5NT: 37 addresses of 39 in the postcode
  • CM7 5NU: 32 addresses of 33 in the postcode
  • CM7 5NQ: 20 addresses
  • CM7 5NR: 7 addresses
  • CM7 5NX: 4 addresses
  • CM7 5NW: 2 addresses of 27 in the postcode
  • CM7 5FW: 1 address of 10 in the postcode
  • CM7 5NJ: 1 address of 31 in the postcode
  • CM7 5PL: 1 address of 32 in the postcode

Nearby streets

Broad Road

All the streets in CM7 and across Braintree.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.