Clare Road Bristol
34 addresses across 2 postcodes (BS6), about 180 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 4534916.
- Sales: 65 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £414,000 across 3 sales.
- Energy: 19 homes have an energy certificate (C: 4, D: 9, E: 5, F: 1).
- Flood: 2 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band B; Band D in Bristol, City of costs £2,714 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Redland, about 490 m (0.3 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden, Cotham Gardens, is about 340 m away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 12.7 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.7 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 50 to 62 m above sea level.
- Noise: 1 of its 34 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Compass Health, about 380 m away, with 7 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 570 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 42% of households owned their home and 68% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 184 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
Sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 3 | £414,000 | £410,000 | £473,650 |
| 2024 | 2 | £741,000 | £260,000 | £1,222,000 |
| 2022 | 2 | £705,000 | £402,500 | £1,007,500 |
| 2021 | 2 | £707,350 | £439,700 | £975,000 |
| 2020 | 3 | £378,000 | £376,000 | £827,500 |
| 2019 | 1 | £385,000 | £385,000 | £385,000 |
| 2018 | 2 | £860,000 | £825,000 | £895,000 |
| 2017 | 1 | £990,000 | £990,000 | £990,000 |
| 2016 | 3 | £329,000 | £250,000 | £840,000 |
| 2015 | 1 | £330,000 | £330,000 | £330,000 |
| 2014 | 4 | £247,766 | £165,000 | £313,500 |
| 2013 | 2 | £376,893 | £135,000 | £618,786 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 Aug 2025 | GARDEN FLAT, 3 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £473,650 | Leasehold. |
| 20 Jun 2025 | TOP FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £414,000 | Leasehold. |
| 28 Mar 2025 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £410,000 | Leasehold. |
| 5 Nov 2024 | 6 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £1,222,000 | |
| 29 Feb 2024 | GARDEN FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £260,000 | Leasehold. |
| 11 Jul 2022 | 10 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £1,007,500 | |
| 10 Mar 2022 | 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £402,500 | Leasehold. |
| 2 Mar 2021 | GARDEN FLAT, 3 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £439,700 | Leasehold. |
| 19 Feb 2021 | 15 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £975,000 | |
| 20 Aug 2020 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £378,000 | Leasehold. |
| 13 Aug 2020 | TOP FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £376,000 | Leasehold. |
| 1 May 2020 | 5 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £827,500 | |
| 27 Sep 2019 | GARDEN FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £385,000 | Leasehold. |
| 31 Aug 2018 | 16 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £825,000 | |
| 9 Mar 2018 | 11 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £895,000 | |
| 30 Aug 2017 | 6 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £990,000 | |
| 11 Oct 2016 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £329,000 | Leasehold. |
| 13 May 2016 | 12 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £840,000 | |
| 18 Feb 2016 | 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £250,000 | Leasehold. |
| 26 Aug 2015 | GARDEN FLAT, 3 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £330,000 | Leasehold. |
| 14 Nov 2014 | TOP FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £250,000 | Leasehold. |
| 31 Oct 2014 | FLAT 3, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £165,000 | Leasehold. |
| 24 Oct 2014 | GARDEN FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £313,500 | Leasehold. |
| 17 Feb 2014 | 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £245,532 | Leasehold. |
| 3 May 2013 | 15 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £618,786 | |
| 19 Feb 2013 | FLAT 5, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £135,000 | Leasehold. |
| 12 Oct 2012 | 11 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £600,000 | |
| 16 May 2012 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £229,950 | Leasehold. |
| 23 Mar 2012 | GARDEN FLAT, 3 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £250,000 | Leasehold. |
| 11 Jan 2012 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £210,000 | Leasehold. |
| 19 Feb 2010 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £218,250 | Leasehold. |
| 14 Dec 2009 | 9A BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £195,000 | Leasehold. |
| 16 Sep 2009 | GARDEN FLAT, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £140,000 | Leasehold. |
| 27 Jul 2007 | FLAT 4, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £167,500 | Leasehold. |
| 13 Jul 2007 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £242,000 | Leasehold. |
| 21 Nov 2006 | 4 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £224,000 | Leasehold. |
| 7 Nov 2006 | 6 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £547,000 | |
| 2 Oct 2006 | 3 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £237,000 | Leasehold. |
| 31 Aug 2006 | 2 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £494,950 | |
| 20 May 2005 | 15 BS6 5TB | Semi-detached | £515,250 | |
| 6 May 2005 | GARDEN FLAT, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £206,500 | Leasehold. |
| 8 Oct 2004 | FLAT 3, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £150,000 | Leasehold. |
| 1 Oct 2004 | FLAT 4, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £146,000 | Leasehold. |
| 20 Aug 2004 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £182,000 | Leasehold. |
| 17 Dec 2003 | TOP FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £176,000 | Leasehold. |
| 24 Jul 2002 | GARDEN FLAT, 8 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £162,000 | Leasehold. |
| 23 May 2002 | GARDEN FLAT, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £179,950 | Leasehold. |
| 26 Apr 2002 | GROUND FLOOR FLAT, 4 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £140,000 | Leasehold. |
| 25 Jul 2001 | FLAT 3, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £85,000 | Leasehold. |
| 10 Sep 1999 | GARDEN FLAT, 1 BS6 5TB | Flat or maisonette | £94,500 | Leasehold. |
Energy performance certificates
19 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 77 m². Most common: Flat (11); House, semi-detached (7); Maisonette, semi-detached (1). Built: before 1900 (15); 1900-1929 (2); 1983-1990 (1). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (11); rented (private) (4).
Each home's certificates and sales (10 addresses)
Council tax
What each band costs in Bristol, City of in 2026-27: Band D £2,714 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,809 | £2,111 | £2,412 | £2,714 | £3,317 | £3,920 | £4,523 | £5,427 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band B (38% of about 1,640 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: yes, Cotham and Redland (council page). Extensions, demolition, some windows and doors, and work on trees need consent.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: 3.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): Ashley Ward, Cabot Ward, Clifton East Ward, Cotham Ward and Lawrence Hill Ward (1999 ward boundary), Cotham and Redland.
- Tree preservation orders: 4 protected trees on or by this street.
- Green belt: no.
Listed buildings
- 13-27, FREMANTLE ROAD, grade II
- 37-63, FREMANTLE ROAD (See details for further address information), grade II
- CHURCH OF ST MATTHEW, grade II
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- 47 And 49 Springfield Road Bristol BS6 5SW, permissioned (130 m)
- 97-101 Stokes Croft: up to 20 homes, not permissioned (340 m)
- Cheltenham Road Library Cheltenham Road Bristol BS6 5QX, permissioned (350 m)
- 27-33 Jamaica Street: up to 5 homes, not permissioned (380 m)
- 104-106 Stokes Croft Bristol BS1 3RU: up to 7 homes, permissioned (380 m)
- 104 - 106 Stokes Croft Bristol BS1 3RU: up to 28 homes, permissioned (420 m (0.3 miles))
- Block C Fourth Floors Hamilton House 80 Stokes Croft Bristol BS1 3QY: up to 5 homes, permissioned (440 m (0.3 miles))
- Block C Fifth Floor Hamilton House 80 Stokes Croft Bristol BS1 3QY: up to 5 homes, permissioned (440 m (0.3 miles))
Roadworks
Finished in the last three months
- 23 September 2026 to 28 September 2026: BRISTOL WATERWORKS COMPANY, Utility repair and maintenance works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway, carriageway (standard works)
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 0 addresses are in areas at high risk, 2 at medium risk and 0 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk | Groundwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| BS6 5TB | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 2 / 0 | unlikely |
| BS6 5TJ | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 | unlikely |
Height above sea level
The street's 34 addresses are between 50 m and 62 m above sea level (54 m on average); the ground rises about 12 m from the lowest to the highest.
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BS6 5TB | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| BS6 5TJ | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Redland 230,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 490 m (0.3 miles) |
| Montpelier 252,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 550 m (0.3 miles) | |
| Clifton Down 818,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 8 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 50 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Cotham Side | 190 m |
| Bus or coach station | Bus Station Bristol | 640 m (0.4 miles) |
| Ferry terminal | Castle Park Ferry Landing Broadmead | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) |
| Car parks | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Q-Park St James Barton | 710 m (0.4 miles) |
| EV charging points | 5 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest InstaVolt Charging Station | 390 m |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Bristol Airport BRS | 12.5 km (7.8 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 7 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Compass Health | 380 m |
| Pharmacies | 13 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Vivo Pharmacy Montpelier | 390 m |
| NHS dentists | 21 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Kingsdown Dental Practice | 350 m |
| Hospital | Bristol Royal Infirmary | 660 m (0.4 miles) |
| Police station | The Bridewell Police Station - Avon And Somerset Police | 860 m (0.5 miles) |
| Cash machines | 7 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Stokes Croft Spso Cashzone | 340 m |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Cotham Gardens 1.2 ha | 340 m |
| Play area | 8 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 230 m² | 280 m |
| Playing field | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 2,420 m² | 790 m (0.5 miles) |
| Allotments | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 850 m² | 570 m (0.4 miles) |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 5 parks and gardens, 2.3 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is The Carriage Works, a listed building (Grade II*), 370 m south-east. 420 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 13 of them Grade I and 21 of them Grade II*.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| The Carriage Works | Listed building, Grade II* | 370 m south-east |
| 4 and 5, Charles Street | Listed building, Grade II* | 530 m (0.3 miles) south |
| Western House | Listed building, Grade II* | 660 m (0.4 miles) south-west |
| Cotham Church | Listed building, Grade II* | 660 m (0.4 miles) south-west |
| Dominican Friars (Quaker's Friars) | Scheduled monument | 1 km (0.6 miles) south-east |
| Cellared remains of Simon Oliver's house on the north side of the Church of St Peter | Scheduled monument | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) south |
| Partial remains of Bristol Castle | Scheduled monument | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) south-east |
| Goldney House | Registered park or garden, Grade II* | 2 km (1.2 miles) south-west |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Brandon Hill | Hill | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) south-west |
| Narroways Hill | Hill | 2.1 km (1.3 miles) north-east |
| New Cut | Lake or reservoir | 2.2 km (1.4 miles) south |
| Observatory Hill | Hill | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) west |
| Walcombe Slade | Valley | 2.6 km (1.6 miles) west |
| Heath House Covert | Wood | 2.6 km (1.6 miles) north-east |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 12.7 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 6.7 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 10.5 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 55 to 59 | 1 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 33 | 34 |
1 of the street's 34 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Bristol, City of: see them on the Bristol, City of page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cotham Gardens Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 310 m | No overall grade (Dec 2024, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Inadequate; Behaviour and attitudes: Requires improvement; Personal development: Requires improvement; Leadership and management: Inadequate |
| E-ACT Montpelier High School | Secondary | 11–18 | 380 m | Inadequate (Mar 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Cotham School | Secondary | 11–18 | 550 m (0.3 miles) | No published inspection |
| Ss Peter and Paul RC Primary School Roman Catholic | Primary | 4–11 | 740 m (0.5 miles) | Good (Feb 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| St Pauls Nursery School & Children's Centre | Nursery | 3–5 | 750 m (0.5 miles) | No published inspection |
| Cabot Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1 km (0.6 miles) | No published inspection |
| Willow Park CofE Primary School Church of England/United Reformed Church | Primary | 4–11 | 1 km (0.6 miles) | Inadequate (Mar 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| E-ACT Fairlawn Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1 km (0.6 miles) | No published inspection |
| Redland Green School | Secondary | 11–18 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | Good (Dec 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Rosemary Nursery School and Children's Centre | Nursery | 2–5 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | Good (May 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| St Nicholas of Tolentine Catholic Primary School Roman Catholic | Primary | 4–11 | 1.4 km (0.8 miles) | Report card (Mar 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Needs attention; Achievement: Needs attention; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Needs attention; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met |
| Sefton Park Infant School | Primary | 3–7 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | Good (Feb 2020, overall grade under the previous framework) |
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Church Hall Kitchen BS6 5TB | Other catering premises | 20 m | 5 Very good | 13 Jun 2022 |
| The Hare on the Hill BS2 8LX | Pub/bar/nightclub | 240 m | 5 Very good | 28 Oct 2024 |
| Hillgrove Porter Stores BS2 8LT | Pub/bar/nightclub | 250 m | 5 Very good | 24 Oct 2024 |
| Kansai Kitchen BS2 8LT | Pub/bar/nightclub | 260 m | 5 Very good | 4 Aug 2025 |
| Cotham Gardens Primary School BS6 6AL | School/college/university | 280 m | 5 Very good | 23 Oct 2025 |
| Shine Wraparound Care Ltd BS6 6AL | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 280 m | Awaiting inspection | |
| Home to Joy BS6 5RR | Retailers - other | 280 m | Awaiting inspection | |
| Cornerstone Church BS6 6AG | Other catering premises | 310 m | 5 Very good | 1 Feb 2024 |
| Tesco Express BS6 5RL | Retailers - other | 310 m | 4 Good | 12 May 2025 |
| Papa Johns BS6 5RE | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 310 m | Awaiting inspection | |
| Alliance in Partnership BS6 6AJ | School/college/university | 320 m | 5 Very good | 14 May 2025 |
| Zebra's Breakfast/Out of Hours Club BS6 6AJ | School/college/university | 320 m | 5 Very good | 13 Nov 2024 |
| Elemental Collective BS1 3RZ | Retailers - other | 330 m | 5 Very good | 13 Nov 2024 |
| Rice & Things BS6 5RW | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 330 m | 5 Very good | 25 Sep 2025 |
| The Pipe and Slippers BS6 5RW | Pub/bar/nightclub | 330 m | 5 Very good | 25 Sep 2025 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 59 |
| Vehicle crime | 41 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 26 |
| Other theft | 23 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 14 |
| Bicycle theft | 5 |
| Burglary | 5 |
| Public order | 5 |
| Drugs | 2 |
| Other crime | 2 |
| Robbery | 2 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Sydenham Lane (37); On or near Cotham Grove (16); On or near Thomas Street North (16); On or near Fremantle Lane (11); On or near Sydenham Road (11).
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 30 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 7% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 6% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 42% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 17% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | under 1% | 1% |
| Social rented | 9% | 17% |
| Private rented | 49% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 71% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 3% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 6% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 3% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 49% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 19% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 1% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 3% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 28% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 82% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 8% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 68% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 3% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | under 1% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 93% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | under 1% | 2% |
Deprivation
The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 7 to 9 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
Nearby streets
Nugent Hill · Victoria Gardens · Sydenham Hill · Fremantle Lane · Victoria Walk · Cotham Brow · Nugent Place · St Matthew's Avenue · Cotham Side · Fremantle Road · Springfield Road · Fremantle Square
All the streets in BS6 and across Bristol, City of.
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.