Cumberland Road Barnes, Richmond upon Thames

28 addresses across 3 postcodes (SW13), about 250 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 22404328.

  • Sales: 21 recorded sales since 1995; in 2023 the median was £1,870,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 13 homes have an energy certificate (C: 2, D: 8, E: 2, F: 1).
  • Flood: No address on its postcodes is in an area at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band G; Band D in Richmond upon Thames costs £2,486 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 85% to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Barnes Bridge, about 880 m (0.5 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: There is a small park or garden about 360 m away, and Barnes Common (41 hectares) is about 700 m (0.4 miles) away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 16.9 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 8.5 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: It is about 6 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 4 of its 28 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Glebe Road Surgery, about 450 m (0.3 miles) away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
  • People: About 670 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 82% of households owned their home and 69% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 21 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often anti-social behaviour.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20231£1,870,000£1,870,000£1,870,000
20192£1,972,000£1,630,000£2,314,000
20161£2,950,000£2,950,000£2,950,000
20131£1,400,000£1,400,000£1,400,000
20121£1,875,000£1,875,000£1,875,000
20111£1,550,000£1,550,000£1,550,000
20091£2,087,000£2,087,000£2,087,000
20064£1,134,375£1,010,000£1,425,000
20041£675,000£675,000£675,000
20001£825,000£825,000£825,000
19971£350,000£350,000£350,000
19961£200,000£200,000£200,000
Most recent sales (21)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
16 Nov 20231 SW13 9LYDetached£1,870,000
17 Jan 202211 SW13 9LYOther£3,060,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
9 Dec 20196 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£2,314,000
17 May 201913 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,630,000
7 Jan 201911 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,500,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
22 Mar 20164 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£2,950,000
10 May 20133 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,400,000
28 Sep 201220 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,875,000
6 Jan 201117 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,550,000
14 Jul 200910 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£2,087,000
18 Dec 200622 SW13 9LYDetached£1,425,000
18 Oct 200610 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,240,000
22 Sep 200621 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,028,750
17 May 200618 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£1,010,000
11 Feb 20049 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£675,000
27 Sep 200022 SW13 9LYDetached£825,000
17 Jan 19975 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£350,000
9 Sep 19969 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£200,000
21 Jun 199512 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£430,000
21 May 199513 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£57,500
17 Feb 199515 SW13 9LYSemi-detached£325,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from April 2009 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

13 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 211 m². Most common: House, semi-detached (12); House, mid-terrace (1). Built: 1930-1949 (7); 1900-1929 (4); 2025 (1). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (9).

Each home's certificates and sales (7 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Richmond upon Thames in 2026-27: Band D £2,486 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,657£1,934£2,210£2,486£3,039£3,591£4,144£4,972

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band G (35% of about 1,280 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Planned, as of 31 October 2026

  • 26 October 2026 to 23 November 2026: CADENT GAS LIMITED, Utility asset works, some carriageway incursion, on the carriageway (major (paa) works)
  • 2 November 2026 to 30 November 2026: CADENT GAS LIMITED, Utility asset works, some carriageway incursion, on the carriageway (major works)
  • 16 November 2026 to 26 November 2026: CADENT GAS LIMITED, Utility asset works, road closure, on the carriageway (major (paa) works)
  • 23 November 2026 to 3 December 2026: CADENT GAS LIMITED, Utility asset works, road closure, on the carriageway (major works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

No address in this street's postcodes is in an area at high, medium or low risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water. The rest are in areas at very low risk: less than a 0.1% (1 in 1,000) chance a year.

Rivers and the sea alone: of the 66 homes the Environment Agency counts, 0 are in areas at high risk, 0 medium, 0 low and 20 very low.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: at least one postcode centre is in flood zone 3. Zone 3 is a 1% (1 in 100) or greater annual chance of flooding from rivers, or 0.5% from the sea, ignoring defences.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
SW13 9LYzone 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
SW13 9NDzone 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
SW13 9NUzone 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's addresses are about 6 m above sea level.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
SW13 9LY100%100%100%0%
SW13 9ND100%95%85%0%
SW13 9NU100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsBarnes Bridge 872,000 journeys in 2024–25880 m (0.5 miles)
Barnes 2.3 million journeys in 2024–251.2 km (0.7 miles)
Chiswick 707,000 journeys in 2024–251.7 km (1.1 miles)
Underground, metro or tramRavenscourt Park Underground Station1.9 km (1.2 miles)
Stamford Brook Underground Station1.9 km (1.2 miles)
Bus stops15 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 36 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Berkeley Road / Barnes180 m
Bus or coach stationMontpelier Road / St Peters Way Ealing6.5 km (4 miles)
Ferry terminalPutney Pier2.3 km (1.4 miles)
Car parks1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Parkimo Parking Finder310 m
EV charging points38 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Shell Recharge Charging Station170 m
Airport with scheduled flightsLondon Heathrow Airport LHR15 km (9.4 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Glebe Road Surgery450 m (0.3 miles)
Pharmacies4 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Forward Pharmacy360 m
NHS dentists5 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Castelnau Dentists1.2 km (0.7 miles)
HospitalBarnes Hospital1.5 km (0.9 miles)
Police stationMetropolitan Police Service1.9 km (1.2 miles)
Cash machinesATM1.5 km (1 mile)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 5,990 m²360 m
Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles)Barnes Common 41 ha700 m (0.4 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 790 m²300 m
Playing field5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.2 ha310 m
Allotments1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 970 m²690 m (0.4 miles)

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 4 parks and gardens, 63 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Church of St Mary, a listed building (Grade II*), 310 m south-east. 27 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 2 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Church of St MaryListed building, Grade II*310 m south-east
18, Station Road Sw13Listed building, Grade II*610 m (0.4 miles) south-west
Strawberry HouseRegistered park or garden, Grade II1.2 km (0.8 miles) north
Walpole HouseRegistered park or garden, Grade II1.2 km (0.8 miles) north
Chiswick HouseScheduled monument1.2 km (0.8 miles) north-west
Royal Botanic Gardens, KewWorld Heritage Site3.7 km (2.3 miles) west
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Small ProfitsWetland480 m (0.3 miles) west
Leg o' Mutton ReservoirLake or reservoir660 m (0.4 miles) north
Corney ReachLake or reservoir1 km (0.6 miles) north
Chiswick EyotIsland1.1 km (0.7 miles) north
Sheen WoodWood3.1 km (1.9 miles) south-west
Jerry's HillHill4.1 km (2.5 miles) south

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)16.94010
Fine particles (PM2.5)8.5205
Particles (PM10)13.64015

All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road, rail and aircraft noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailwaysAircraft
55 to 59400
Under 55242828

4 of the street's 28 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Richmond upon Thames: see them on the Richmond upon Thames page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
St Osmund's Catholic Primary School Roman CatholicPrimary4–11390 m No published inspection
Lowther Primary SchoolPrimary3–11750 m (0.5 miles) No published inspection
Cavendish Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.1 km (0.7 miles) Report card (Nov 2025): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
Barnes Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.1 km (0.7 miles) Outstanding (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Chiswick SchoolSecondary11–181.2 km (0.8 miles) Good (Jan 2020, overall grade under the previous framework)
The William Hogarth Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.5 km (0.9 miles) Good (Jul 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Mary's Catholic Primary School ,Chiswick Roman CatholicPrimary3–111.5 km (0.9 miles) Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Queen's Manor SchoolPrimary3–111.5 km (1 mile) No published inspection
St Mary Magdalen's Catholic Primary School Roman CatholicPrimary4–111.6 km (1 mile) Good (Jun 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
All Saints' CofE Primary School, Putney Church of EnglandPrimary3–111.6 km (1 mile) Good (Oct 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Peter's Primary School Church of EnglandPrimary4–111.6 km (1 mile) No published inspection
East Sheen Primary SchoolPrimary4–111.6 km (1 mile) Outstanding (Apr 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Barnes Day Care SW13 9RZOther catering premises80 m5 Very good15 Sep 2026
Olympic Cinema SW13 9HLRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen330 m4 Good12 Aug 2026
Olympic Studios SW13 9HLRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen330 mAwaiting inspection
Tesco Express SW13 9HRRetailers - other350 m5 Very good27 Jul 2026
Two Peas in a Pod SW13 9HHRetailers - other360 m5 Very good4 Dec 2023
Barnes Sports Club Ltd SW13 9QLPub/bar/nightclub360 m5 Very good5 Feb 2024
Blue Tree Kitchen Ltd SW13 9QLRetailers - other360 m5 Very good18 Jul 2026
Bubluda Limited SW13 0DQRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen360 m4 Good18 Jun 2025
Arte Pizza SW13 0DQRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen360 m3 Generally satisfactory18 Jun 2025
Lockdown Bakehouse SW13 0DQRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen360 m5 Very good6 Oct 2025
Orange Thai SW13 0DQRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen360 m5 Very good17 Jul 2025
Save the Children SW13 0DQRetailers - other370 m5 Very good19 Nov 2024
Barnes Pantry SW13 9HHRetailers - other370 m1 Major improvement necessary15 Jun 2026
The Ginger Pig SW13 9HHOther catering premises370 m5 Very good15 Oct 2025
& Feast SW13 9HHRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen380 m5 Very good8 May 2025

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

21 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Anti-social behaviour7
Burglary4
Public order2
Bicycle theft2
Other theft2
Vehicle crime2
Robbery1
Drugs1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Melville Road (6); On or near Westmoreland Road (5); On or near Ellerton Road (3); On or near Lowther Road (2); On or near Parke Road (2).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 2 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 671 residents in 250 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age4840
Children under 1520%17%
Aged 65 and over25%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)82%61%
Owned outright51%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rented7%17%
Private rented11%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work52%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)6%6%
Retired (of adults)27%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)under 1%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)71%32%
Travel to work by car or van8%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram8%4%
By any public transport, including bus8%8%
On foot or by bicycle11%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)73%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away7%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)69%34%
No qualifications4%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification2%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)93%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all0%2%

Deprivation

The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 7 to 10 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Roadworks Street works permit: CADENT GAS LIMITED: Utility asset works, 23 November 2026 to 3 December 2026 (road closure) found 3 November 2026
  • Roadworks Street works permit: CADENT GAS LIMITED: Utility asset works, 2 November 2026 to 30 November 2026 (some carriageway incursion) found 3 November 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • SW13 9LY: 26 addresses of 27 in the postcode
  • SW13 9ND: 1 address of 29 in the postcode
  • SW13 9NU: 1 address of 19 in the postcode

Nearby streets

Berkeley Road · Parke Road · Grange Road · Ellerton Road · Westmoreland Road · Lowther Road · Melville Road · Suffolk Road · Ferry Road · Gerard Road · Byfeld Gardens · Galata Road

All the streets in SW13 and across Richmond upon Thames.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.