David Street Bacup, Rossendale

29 addresses across 2 postcodes (OL13), about 90 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 32401088.

  • Sales: 64 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £100,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 20 homes have an energy certificate (C: 1, D: 15, E: 4).
  • Flood: 4 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band A; Band D in Rossendale costs £2,520 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Walsden, about 7.4 km (4.6 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 310 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 6.6 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.1 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 225 to 230 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 27 of its 29 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Irwell Medical Practice, about 1.5 km (0.9 miles) away.
  • People: About 530 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 53% of households owned their home and 24% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 121 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20251£100,000£100,000£100,000
20241£52,000£52,000£52,000
20232£90,000£85,000£95,000
20224£67,500£60,000£70,000
20212£56,000£45,000£67,000
20201£49,000£49,000£49,000
20191£54,500£54,500£54,500
20182£50,750£47,500£54,000
20172£44,000£41,000£47,000
20162£43,250£35,500£51,000
20151£36,000£36,000£36,000
20141£48,500£48,500£48,500
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 64)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
24 Jan 20252 OL13 0TTTerraced£100,000Leasehold.
24 Sep 202419 OL13 0TTTerraced£88,750Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
30 Jul 202426 OL13 0TTTerraced£52,000Leasehold.
13 Jun 202426 OL13 0TTTerraced£42,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
23 Jun 20233 OL13 0TTTerraced£95,000Leasehold.
24 Feb 202330 OL13 0TTTerraced£85,000Leasehold.
27 Apr 202232 OL13 0TTTerraced£70,000Leasehold.
14 Mar 202211 OL13 0TTTerraced£70,000Leasehold.
1 Mar 20225 OL13 0TTTerraced£65,000Leasehold.
11 Jan 202234 OL13 0TTTerraced£60,000Leasehold.
6 Dec 202117 OL13 0TTTerraced£75,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
16 Aug 202114 OL13 0TTTerraced£45,000Leasehold.
2 Aug 202115 OL13 0TTTerraced£67,000Leasehold.
25 Jun 202114 OL13 0TTTerraced£39,999Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
25 Feb 20219 OL13 0TTTerraced£63,500Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
9 Dec 20209 OL13 0TTTerraced£49,000Leasehold.
3 Jul 201910 OL13 0TTTerraced£45,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
22 Mar 20193 OL13 0TTTerraced£54,500Leasehold.
11 Jul 20189 OL13 0TTTerraced£47,500Leasehold.
12 Mar 201812 OL13 0TTTerraced£54,000Leasehold.
16 Aug 201724 OL13 0TTTerraced£41,000Leasehold.
8 Feb 201713 OL13 0TTTerraced£47,000Leasehold.
9 Dec 20163 OL13 0TTTerraced£35,500Leasehold.
29 Apr 201630 OL13 0TTTerraced£51,000Leasehold.
12 Mar 201518 OL13 0TTTerraced£36,000Leasehold.
14 Feb 20149 OL13 0TTTerraced£48,500Leasehold.
16 May 200816 OL13 0TTTerraced£72,000Leasehold.
31 Aug 200718 OL13 0TTTerraced£66,000Leasehold.
4 May 20073 OL13 0TTTerraced£62,000Leasehold.
2 Feb 20077 OL13 0TTTerraced£69,950Leasehold.
30 Jan 200719 OL13 0TTTerraced£75,500Leasehold.
17 Nov 20065 OL13 0TTTerraced£60,000Leasehold.
13 Oct 20062 OL13 0TTTerraced£75,000Leasehold.
29 Sep 200632 OL13 0TTTerraced£75,000Leasehold.
8 Sep 200630 OL13 0TTTerraced£76,000Leasehold.
14 Jul 200613 OL13 0TTTerraced£55,000Leasehold.
4 Nov 20057 OL13 0TTTerraced£55,000Leasehold.
17 Jun 20058 OL13 0TTTerraced£56,000Leasehold.
31 Jan 200517 OL13 0TTFlat or maisonette£27,030Leasehold.
29 Oct 200412 OL13 0TTTerraced£69,950Leasehold.
19 Aug 200411 OL13 0TTTerraced£64,000Leasehold.
14 Jul 20042 OL13 0TTTerraced£56,950Leasehold.
17 Jun 200432 OL13 0TTTerraced£50,000Leasehold.
27 Feb 200413 OL13 0TTTerraced£22,750Leasehold.
5 Nov 200311 OL13 0TTTerraced£30,000Leasehold.
3 Oct 20036 OL13 0TTTerraced£52,950Leasehold.
3 Oct 20034 OL13 0TTTerraced£52,000Leasehold.
25 Apr 200318 OL13 0TTTerraced£39,000Leasehold.
24 Mar 20036 OL13 0TTTerraced£28,500Leasehold.
17 Jan 200312 OL13 0TTTerraced£34,000Leasehold.

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from February 2010 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

20 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 64 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (11); House, enclosed mid-terrace (8); House, enclosed end-terrace (1). Built: before 1900 (13); 1900-1929 (7). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (10); rented (private) (6).

Each home's certificates and sales (8 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Rossendale in 2026-27: Band D £2,520 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,680£1,960£2,240£2,520£3,080£3,640£4,200£5,040

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band A (68% of about 1,240 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): Immediate Article 4 Direction for small Houses in Multiple Occupation.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 30 September 2026.

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 30 September 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 1 address is in areas at high risk, 3 at medium risk and 5 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: of the 28 homes the Environment Agency counts, 0 are in areas at high risk, 4 medium, 5 low and 0 very low.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
OL13 0TTnot in 2 or 3 1 / 3 / 5 unlikely
OL13 0TSnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 29 addresses are between 225 m and 230 m above sea level (227 m on average); the ground rises about 5 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
OL13 0TS100%100%100%0%
OL13 0TT100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsWalsden 80,000 journeys in 2024–257.4 km (4.6 miles)
Todmorden 718,000 journeys in 2024–258.1 km (5 miles)
Smithy Bridge 191,000 journeys in 2024–259.5 km (5.9 miles)
Bus stops6 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 15 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Hindle Street Farholme60 m
Bus or coach stationBus station Rawtenstall4.6 km (2.9 miles)
EV charging points4 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest MFG Charging Station1.5 km (0.9 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsManchester Airport MAN38.4 km (24 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Irwell Medical Practice1.5 km (0.9 miles)
Pharmacies2 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Cohens Chemist440 m (0.3 miles)
NHS dentists2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Dental Surgery740 m (0.5 miles)
HospitalRochdale Infirmary Opd8.5 km (5.3 miles)
Police stationWaterfoot Police Station2.9 km (1.8 miles)
Cash machinesWaterfoot Mini Market Cashzone2.1 km (1.3 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 8,770 m²310 m
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 750 m²410 m (0.3 miles)
Playing field2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.2 ha170 m
Allotments3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1,750 m²280 m

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 2 parks and gardens, 0.9 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Waggoner Tunstead Farmhouse, a listed building (Grade II*), 590 m (0.4 miles) north-west. 23 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 1 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Waggoner Tunstead FarmhouseListed building, Grade II*590 m (0.4 miles) north-west
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Rockcliffe WoodWood330 m north-east
Sow CloughValley430 m (0.3 miles) north
Greens CloughValley810 m (0.5 miles) south
Lee CloughValley820 m (0.5 miles) south-east
The HileHill1.4 km (0.9 miles) north-west
Cowpe ReservoirLake or reservoir2.3 km (1.4 miles) south-west

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)6.64010
Fine particles (PM2.5)6.1205
Particles (PM10)9.34015

All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
70 to 7410
65 to 6940
60 to 6480
55 to 59140
Under 55229

27 of the street's 29 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Rossendale: see them on the Rossendale page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 1 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
St Joseph's Roman Catholic Primary School, Stacksteads, BacupPrimary3–11250 m Report card (Apr 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Needs attention; Achievement: Needs attention; Attendance and behaviour: Needs attention; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Needs attention; Early years: Needs attention; Safeguarding standards: Met
Bacup Holy Trinity Stacksteads Church of England Primary SchoolPrimary3–11340 m Good (Jul 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Bacup St Saviour's Community Primary SchoolPrimary4–111.3 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
The Valley Leadership AcademySecondary11–161.5 km (1 mile) Report card (Apr 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Needs attention; Achievement: Needs attention; Attendance and behaviour: Needs attention; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
Waterfoot Primary SchoolPrimary5–111.9 km (1.1 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 1 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
The Crust OL13 0UERetailers - other60 m5 Very good28 Jul 2025
Farholme Tavern OL13 0TSPub/bar/nightclub80 m4 Good5 Nov 2024
P H Moore And Daughter Butchers OL13 0TSRetailers - other80 m5 Very good29 Apr 2025
Corner Shop OL13 0TSRetailers - other80 m4 Good11 Aug 2026
California Fried Chicken OL13 0UETakeaway/sandwich shop130 m5 Very good4 Aug 2026
Pizza Uno OL13 0UETakeaway/sandwich shop130 m3 Generally satisfactory7 Sep 2026
St Josephs CP School OL13 8LRSchool/college/university210 m5 Very good10 Oct 2025
Esskayz OL13 0UERestaurant/Cafe/Canteen230 mAwaiting inspection
Rosemount Working Mens Club OL13 8LDPub/bar/nightclub250 m4 Good5 Nov 2024
Heritage Kitchen Range Of Preserves Ltd OL13 0NAManufacturers/packers290 m5 Very good1 Apr 2025
Bricks BAE OL13 0NARestaurant/Cafe/Canteen290 m4 Good29 Jul 2026
Mogro Ltd OL13 0NARetailers - other290 mExempt
Holy Trinity C Of E Primary School (Kitchen) OL13 0QWSchool/college/university340 m5 Very good16 Dec 2024
Rose 'N' Bowl OL13 0UGRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen360 m5 Very good7 Feb 2025
The Local OL13 0UJRetailers - other390 m5 Very good16 Dec 2024

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

121 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences47
Anti-social behaviour26
Criminal damage and arson13
Other theft9
Drugs5
Other crime5
Vehicle crime4
Public order4
Burglary4
Robbery2
Bicycle theft1
Possession of weapons1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Brearley Street (14); On or near Hindle Street (11); On or near Herbert Street (9); On or near Huttock End Lane (8); On or near Church Gardens (8).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 2 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 526 residents in 275 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age3940
Children under 1517%17%
Aged 65 and over18%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)53%61%
Owned outright28%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rented13%17%
Private rented35%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work56%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)6%6%
Retired (of adults)19%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)7%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)15%32%
Travel to work by car or van65%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tramunder 1%4%
By any public transport, including bus5%8%
On foot or by bicycle11%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)63%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away10%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)24%34%
No qualifications26%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification6%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)97%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all1%2%

Deprivation

The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 1 to 3 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

Nearby streets

Farholme Lane · Branch Street · Holme Street · Herbert Street · Hindle Street · Wardle Street · Hammond Avenue · Brookes Street · Brearley Street · Victoria Street · Old Kiln · Ashworth Street

All the streets in OL13 and across Rossendale.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.