Forest Close Wendover, Buckinghamshire

43 addresses across 2 postcodes (HP22), about 180 m long, classed as a restricted local access road. USRN 1400389.

  • Sales: 75 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £490,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 29 homes have an energy certificate (B: 2, C: 15, D: 8, E: 3, F: 1).
  • Flood: No address on its postcodes is in an area at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band F; Band D in Buckinghamshire costs £2,527 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 0% to 67% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Wendover, about 120 m away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 1.5 km (0.9 miles) away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 6.4 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.8 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 129 to 135 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 3 of its 43 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Westongrove Partnership, about 400 m (0.2 miles) away.
  • People: About 350 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 85% of households owned their home and 56% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 38 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20261£490,000£490,000£490,000
20252£490,000£470,000£510,000
20242£670,000£430,000£910,000
20223£450,000£435,000£895,000
20215£446,000£395,000£460,000
20181£403,750£403,750£403,750
20173£430,000£282,500£480,000
20162£462,500£360,000£565,000
20151£370,000£370,000£370,000
20144£430,000£215,000£485,000
20137£375,000£270,000£707,500
20121£200,000£200,000£200,000
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 75)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
20 Mar 20269, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABDetached£490,000Leasehold.
4 Nov 20251, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£470,000Leasehold.
26 Mar 20253, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£510,000Leasehold.
17 Oct 20242, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£430,000Leasehold.
7 Jun 202419 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£910,000
29 Jun 202214, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABTerraced£435,000Leasehold.
2 Mar 20223, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£450,000Leasehold.
10 Feb 20224 HP22 6BTDetached£895,000
21 Dec 20216, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£446,000Leasehold.
22 Nov 202112, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£460,000Leasehold.
10 Sep 20218, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£450,000Leasehold.
25 Jun 202115, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£399,950Leasehold.
8 Jan 202111, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABTerraced£395,000Leasehold.
26 Jun 201814, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£403,750Leasehold.
18 May 201712, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£480,000Leasehold.
17 Feb 201717, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABTerraced£430,000Leasehold.
13 Jan 201710, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£282,500Leasehold.
18 Apr 20169 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£565,000
21 Mar 20169, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£360,000Leasehold.
23 Nov 20154, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£370,000Leasehold.
10 Oct 201413 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£485,000
6 Oct 20142, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£385,000Leasehold.
26 Jun 20145, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£215,000Leasehold.
24 Jan 201421 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£475,000
13 Dec 20139, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£295,000Leasehold.
25 Sep 20137 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£395,000
9 Sep 20136 HP22 6BTDetached£707,500
9 Sep 201310 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£535,000
6 Aug 201316, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABTerraced£350,000Leasehold.
16 Jul 201319 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£375,000
16 May 20137, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£270,000Leasehold.
8 Aug 20129, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£200,000Leasehold.
23 Jun 201123 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£330,000
24 May 20113, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£305,000Leasehold.
13 May 20118, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£285,000Leasehold.
8 Nov 20109 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£410,000
27 Apr 201012 HP22 6BTDetached£490,000
23 Apr 201021 HP22 6BTDetached£410,000
11 Jan 2010FLAT 3, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6BTFlat or maisonette£318,000Leasehold.
18 Dec 20098 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£495,000
9 Nov 20097 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£333,000
6 Jun 20083 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£390,000
28 Feb 200817, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6ABFlat or maisonette£400,000Leasehold.
15 Dec 2006FLAT 15, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6BTFlat or maisonette£375,000Leasehold.
18 Oct 2006FLAT 1, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6BTFlat or maisonette£337,500Leasehold.
22 Nov 2005FLAT 5, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6BTFlat or maisonette£215,000Leasehold.
29 Sep 2005FLAT 15, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6BTFlat or maisonette£337,500Leasehold.
14 Sep 2005FLAT 3, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6BTFlat or maisonette£310,000New build. Leasehold.
12 Aug 2005FLAT 12, CLARENCE COURT HP22 6BTFlat or maisonette£335,000New build. Leasehold.
15 Jul 200515 HP22 6BTSemi-detached£370,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026 (load in progress). Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from April 2009 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

29 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 94 m². Most common: House, semi-detached (11); Flat (10); House, detached (3). Built: 2003-2006 (14); 1930-1949 (7); 1950-1966 (5). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (22); rented (private) (1).

Council tax

What each band costs in Buckinghamshire in 2026-27: Band D £2,527 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,684£1,965£2,246£2,527£3,088£3,650£4,211£5,053

Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band F (24% of about 700 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the neighbourhood (census area of about 700 homes) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): 51636, 51637, 51638, 51639, 9316, Article_4_Direction_s__Aylesbury_Vale_.6.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 30 September 2026.

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 30 September 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

No address in this street's postcodes is in an area at high, medium or low risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water. The rest are in areas at very low risk: less than a 0.1% (1 in 1,000) chance a year.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 43 addresses are between 129 m and 135 m above sea level (131 m on average); the ground rises about 6 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
HP22 6AB100%0%0%0%
HP22 6BT100%67%67%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsWendover 329,000 journeys in 2024–25120 m
Stoke Mandeville 192,000 journeys in 2024–253.8 km (2.4 miles)
Little Kimble 8,930 journeys in 2024–254.4 km (2.8 miles)
Bus stops5 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 11 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Railway Station Wendover120 m
Bus or coach stationAylesbury Bus Stn7.4 km (4.6 miles)
EV charging pointsbp pulse Charging Station5.4 km (3.4 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsLondon Luton Airport LTN28.9 km (18 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Westongrove Partnership400 m (0.2 miles)
Pharmacies1 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Wendover Pharmacy250 m
NHS dentists1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Perry House Dental Surgery250 m
HospitalStoke Mandeville Hospital5.5 km (3.4 miles)
Police stationWendover Police Station860 m (0.5 miles)
Cash machines2 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Harpenden Building Society280 m

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or gardenUnnamed 4,560 m²1.5 km (0.9 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 540 m²530 m (0.3 miles)
Playing field2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 2.5 ha390 m
AllotmentsUnnamed 3,000 m²810 m (0.5 miles)

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is The Red House, a listed building (Grade II*), 360 m east. 94 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 4 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
The Red HouseListed building, Grade II*360 m east
Bank FarmhouseListed building, Grade II*460 m (0.3 miles) east
Lychgate and Churchyard Wall to St Mary's ChurchListed building, Grade II*710 m (0.4 miles) south-east
Parish Church of St MaryListed building, Grade II*750 m (0.5 miles) south-east
Bell barrow and pond barrow on Bacombe HillScheduled monument830 m (0.5 miles) south-west
Bowl barrow on Bacombe HillScheduled monument900 m (0.6 miles) south-west
Boddington Camp: a slight univallate hillfort on the summit of Boddington HillScheduled monument1.6 km (1 mile) east
Halton HouseRegistered park or garden, Grade II2.7 km (1.7 miles) north-east
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Bacombe HillHill1 km (0.7 miles) south-west
Coxgrove WoodWood1.5 km (0.9 miles) south
Boddington HillHill1.6 km (1 mile) east
Top MoorsWood1.6 km (1 mile) north
Weston Turville ReservoirLake or reservoir1.9 km (1.2 miles) north
The DeneValley3.5 km (2.2 miles) south-west

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)6.44010
Fine particles (PM2.5)6.8205
Particles (PM10)10.84015

All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
55 to 5930
Under 554043

3 of the street's 43 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Buckinghamshire: see them on the Buckinghamshire page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 1 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
The John Hampden SchoolPrimary3–7650 m (0.4 miles) No published inspection
John Colet SchoolSecondary11–18660 m (0.4 miles) No published inspection
Wendover Church of England Junior SchoolPrimary7–11720 m (0.4 miles) No published inspection
Halton Community Combined SchoolPrimary4–111.6 km (1 mile) Good (Nov 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 1 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Wendover & Chiltern Hills Bowls Club HP22 6BUPub/bar/nightclub80 mExempt
Bucks Cheese Guy HP22 6EJMobile caterer150 m5 Very good5 Aug 2026
Shoulder Of Mutton HP22 6EJPub/bar/nightclub160 m5 Very good17 Jun 2025
Tres Corazones HP22 6EJRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen160 m5 Very good9 Jul 2026
No 2 Pound Street HP22 6EJRetailers - other160 m5 Very good5 Aug 2026
Whitewaters Cafe HP22 6EPRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen200 m2 Improvement necessary13 May 2025
Sidehill Alley HP22 6DUOther catering premises210 m5 Very good2 Oct 2024
Block & Butcher Ltd HP22 6DXRetailers - other230 m5 Very good18 Mar 2026
The White Swan HP22 6EAPub/bar/nightclub250 m5 Very good1 Sep 2010
Sweeney's (Formerly Budgens) HP22 6EARetailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets250 m5 Very good26 Aug 2026
Crumbs HP22 6EARestaurant/Cafe/Canteen250 m5 Very good10 Sep 2025
Rumsey's Handmade Chocolates HP22 6EARestaurant/Cafe/Canteen250 m5 Very good2 Jul 2025
Bel & Dragon At The Red Lion HP22 6DUPub/bar/nightclub260 m5 Very good5 Nov 2024
Istanbul Meze & Grill HP22 6DURestaurant/Cafe/Canteen260 m5 Very good6 Aug 2025
Lady Grey Tea Room HP22 6DURestaurant/Cafe/Canteen260 m5 Very good28 Aug 2025

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

38 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences8
Shoplifting8
Burglary4
Anti-social behaviour4
Other theft4
Criminal damage and arson3
Bicycle theft2
Robbery2
Other crime1
Vehicle crime1
Public order1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Chiltern Court (19); On or near Pound Street (5); On or near Vinetrees (3); On or near High Street (3); On or near Forest Close (2).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the Output Area (a small census area of about 125 households) that this street's postcodes are in: 345 residents in 135 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age5140
Children under 1515%17%
Aged 65 and over24%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)85%61%
Owned outright52%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rented2%17%
Private rented13%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work61%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)2%6%
Retired (of adults)31%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)under 1%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)58%32%
Travel to work by car or van29%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram5%4%
By any public transport, including bus6%8%
On foot or by bicycle5%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)32%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away24%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)56%34%
No qualifications5%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification2%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)98%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all0%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 10 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

Nearby streets

Coombe Avenue · Station Approach · Station Approach · Vinetrees · Pound Street · High Street · Gables Close · Holland Close · Little Hampden Close · Back Street · Mill Mead · Great Lane

All the streets in HP22 and across Buckinghamshire.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.