Goldsmith Drive Rotherham

86 addresses across 4 postcodes (S65), about 530 m (0.3 miles) long, classed as a local road. USRN 32600260.

  • Sales: 38 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £150,000 across 3 sales.
  • Energy: 62 homes have an energy certificate (C: 19, D: 38, E: 5).
  • Flood: 1 address on its postcodes is in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band A; Band D in Rotherham costs £2,382 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Rotherham Central, about 2.2 km (1.4 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden, Clifton Park, is about 890 m (0.6 miles) away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 11.9 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.7 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 46 to 63 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 1 of its 86 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Stag Medical Centre, about 1.2 km (0.8 miles) away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
  • People: About 890 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 40% of households owned their home and 13% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 133 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20253£150,000£132,000£155,000
20241£150,000£150,000£150,000
20211£105,000£105,000£105,000
20201£115,000£115,000£115,000
20192£112,500£110,000£115,000
20171£95,000£95,000£95,000
20162£81,000£72,000£90,000
20141£48,380£48,380£48,380
20121£65,000£65,000£65,000
20101£63,000£63,000£63,000
20094£85,750£83,000£127,500
20082£84,975£84,950£85,000
Most recent sales (38)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
2 Sep 202528 S65 2NQSemi-detached£155,000
26 Aug 202534 S65 2NQSemi-detached£132,000
13 Feb 20251 S65 2NGSemi-detached£150,000
18 Dec 202410 S65 2NGSemi-detached£140,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
9 Jan 202429 S65 2NQSemi-detached£150,000
11 Jun 202174 S65 2NHSemi-detached£105,000
25 Sep 202035 S65 2NQSemi-detached£115,000
3 Oct 201935 S65 2NQSemi-detached£115,000
10 Jul 201977 S65 2NHSemi-detached£110,000
24 May 201729 S65 2NQSemi-detached£95,000
2 Dec 201651 S65 2NQSemi-detached£72,000
30 Jun 201635 S65 2NQSemi-detached£90,000
27 Oct 201430 S65 2NQSemi-detached£48,380
23 Apr 201484 S65 2NHSemi-detached£77,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
26 Jan 201251 S65 2NQSemi-detached£65,000
17 Aug 201066 S65 2NQSemi-detached£63,000
17 Dec 200935 S65 2NQSemi-detached£83,000
30 Oct 200961 S65 2NQSemi-detached£127,500
16 Oct 200986 S65 2NHSemi-detached£87,500
24 Jun 200969 S65 2NHSemi-detached£84,000
22 Feb 200874 S65 2NHSemi-detached£85,000
14 Feb 200884 S65 2NHSemi-detached£84,950
3 Dec 20072 S65 2NGTerraced£99,950
20 Jul 200764 S65 2NQSemi-detached£90,000
21 Mar 200775 S65 2NHSemi-detached£96,000
20 Dec 20062 S65 2NGTerraced£91,000
23 Jun 200634 S65 2NQSemi-detached£91,950
13 Apr 200682 S65 2NHSemi-detached£94,950
3 Feb 200668 S65 2NQSemi-detached£87,000
21 Jan 200564 S65 2NQSemi-detached£68,500
24 Sep 200461 S65 2NQSemi-detached£70,000
8 Sep 200480 S65 2NHSemi-detached£79,950
12 Jan 200442 S65 2NQSemi-detached£23,680
21 Oct 200380 S65 2NHSemi-detached£49,000
15 Dec 200028 S65 2NQSemi-detached£28,000
19 May 200034 S65 2NQSemi-detached£35,000
21 Dec 199861 S65 2NQSemi-detached£33,000
28 Apr 199527 S65 2NQSemi-detached£30,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from September 2008 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

62 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 64 m². Most common: House, semi-detached (62). Built: 1930-1949 (48); 1950-1966 (11); 1900-1929 (2). Tenure at assessment: rented (social) (34); owner-occupied (16); rented (private) (2).

Each home's certificates and sales (26 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Rotherham in 2026-27: Band D £2,382 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,588£1,852£2,117£2,382£2,911£3,440£3,969£4,763

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band A (98% of about 1,400 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Finished in the last three months

  • 6 October 2026: YORKSHIRE WATER, Utility repair and maintenance works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 0 addresses are in areas at high risk, 1 at medium risk and 0 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
S65 2NQnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
S65 2NGnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
S65 2NHnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
S65 2NFnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 86 addresses are between 46 m and 63 m above sea level (58 m on average); the ground rises about 18 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
S65 2NF100%100%100%0%
S65 2NG100%100%100%0%
S65 2NH100%100%100%0%
S65 2NQ100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsRotherham Central 463,000 journeys in 2024–252.2 km (1.4 miles)
Meadowhall 1.9 million journeys in 2024–255.8 km (3.6 miles)
Swinton (South Yorks) 346,000 journeys in 2024–256.6 km (4.1 miles)
Underground, metro or tramParkgate2 km (1.2 miles)
Bus stops13 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 47 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Tennyson Road/Browning Road Herringthorpe80 m
Bus or coach stationRotherham Interchange/A10 Rotherham Town Centre2 km (1.2 miles)
Car parksEast Wellgate Car Park1.8 km (1.1 miles)
EV charging points2 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Osprey Charging Station330 m
Airport with scheduled flightsLeeds Bradford Airport LBA53.4 km (33 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Stag Medical Centre1.2 km (0.8 miles)
Pharmacies5 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Clifton Pharmacy300 m
NHS dentists3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Dental Surgery1 km (0.6 miles)
HospitalKinvara Private Hospital1.3 km (0.8 miles)
Police stationRotherham Police Station2.3 km (1.4 miles)
Cash machines4 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest ATM270 m

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or gardenClifton Park 23 ha890 m (0.6 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 400 m²650 m (0.4 miles)
Playing field2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 15 ha380 m
Allotments2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Herringthorpe Valley Allotments 2.1 ha330 m

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Clifton Park, Rotherham, a registered park or garden (Grade II), 1.2 km (0.7 miles) west. 2 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Clifton Park, RotherhamRegistered park or garden, Grade II1.2 km (0.7 miles) west
Moorgate CemeteryRegistered park or garden, Grade II1.9 km (1.2 miles) south-west
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Herringthorpe WoodWood830 m (0.5 miles) south-east
Gibbing Greave WoodWood1.1 km (0.7 miles) east
Dean PlantationWood1.6 km (1 mile) east
Rotherham CutLake or reservoir2 km (1.2 miles) north-west
Don IslandIsland2.3 km (1.4 miles) west
Odd HillHill2.5 km (1.6 miles) north-east

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)11.94010
Fine particles (PM2.5)7.7205
Particles (PM10)12.14015

All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
55 to 5910
Under 558586

1 of the street's 86 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Rotherham: see them on the Rotherham page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Badsley Primary SchoolPrimary4–11190 m No overall grade (Jan 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Requires improvement; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good
Arnold Nursery SchoolNursery2–5240 m No overall grade (Apr 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding
St Mary's Catholic Primary School Roman CatholicPrimary5–11270 m Good (Apr 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Bernard's Catholic High School Roman CatholicSecondary11–16540 m (0.3 miles) Good (Feb 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Herringthorpe Junior SchoolPrimary7–11760 m (0.5 miles) No overall grade (Feb 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding
Herringthorpe Infant SchoolPrimary3–7810 m (0.5 miles) No overall grade (Jun 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Good
Clifton Community SchoolSecondary11–16940 m (0.6 miles) Good (Dec 2019, overall grade under the previous framework)
East Dene PrimaryPrimary3–111 km (0.6 miles) Good (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Coleridge PrimaryPrimary2–111.2 km (0.8 miles) Outstanding (Oct 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
High Greave Infant SchoolPrimary3–71.3 km (0.8 miles) No overall grade (Jul 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good
Broom Valley Community SchoolPrimary3–111.3 km (0.8 miles) Good (Oct 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
High Greave Junior SchoolPrimary7–111.3 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
The Tabard S65 3BAPub/bar/nightclub230 mAwaiting inspection
St. Marys Church S65 3BAOther catering premises230 mExempt
The Arnold Centre S65 2LYHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises250 m5 Very good17 Nov 2025
Goodfillas Cafe S65 2QSRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen260 m5 Very good13 Oct 2025
Riverside Catering RMBC S65 2QSSchool/college/university260 m5 Very good14 Nov 2025
Pizza Spot S65 2QSTakeaway/sandwich shop260 m5 Very good10 Sep 2025
Indian Harvest S65 2QSTakeaway/sandwich shop270 m5 Very good22 Oct 2025
Caterlink@St. Mary's Primary Herringthorpe S65 2NUSchool/college/university270 m5 Very good18 Nov 2025
Dragon City S65 2LDTakeaway/sandwich shop280 m4 Good27 Apr 2026
Bake S65 2LDRetailers - other280 m5 Very good12 Nov 2024
Fresh Pizza & Kebab S65 2LDTakeaway/sandwich shop280 mAwaiting inspection
Golden Bird S65 2NWTakeaway/sandwich shop280 m5 Very good9 Sep 2025
Scran S65 2NWRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen280 m5 Very good8 Jul 2025
PFC Popey's Fish & Chicken S65 2NWTakeaway/sandwich shop280 m4 Good10 Dec 2025
Dani's Diner S65 2QNRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen290 m5 Very good16 Sep 2026

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

133 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences67
Criminal damage and arson19
Anti-social behaviour11
Other crime8
Public order7
Other theft6
Vehicle crime4
Burglary4
Drugs3
Robbery2
Possession of weapons2

Most of these are attached to: On or near Browning Drive (34); On or near Campbell Drive (23); On or near Longfellow Fold (19); On or near Burns Drive (14); On or near Shelley Drive (13).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 3 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 887 residents in 362 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age3540
Children under 1523%17%
Aged 65 and over12%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)40%61%
Owned outright13%33%
Shared ownershipunder 1%1%
Social rented49%17%
Private rented11%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work52%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)7%6%
Retired (of adults)13%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)12%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)16%32%
Travel to work by car or van66%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram0%4%
By any public transport, including bus5%8%
On foot or by bicycle9%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)72%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away4%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)13%34%
No qualifications34%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification5%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)95%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all1%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhoods around this street are all in decile 1 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Roadworks Street works permit: YORKSHIRE WATER: Utility repair and maintenance works, 6 October 2026 to 12 October 2026 (some carriageway incursion) found 3 November 2026
  • Energy certificates New energy certificate: band C, house, semi-detached (lodged 16 October 2026) found 2 November 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

Nearby streets

Campbell Drive · Browning Road · Browning Drive · Goldsmith Drive · Longfellow Fold · Burns Drive · Longfellow Drive · Shelley Road · Stevenson Drive · Goldsmith Road · Badsley Moor Lane · Arnold Road

All the streets in S65 and across Rotherham.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.