Katherine Road Thurcroft, Rotherham

115 addresses across 9 postcodes (S66), about 580 m (0.4 miles) long, classed as a minor road. USRN 32602797.

  • Sales: 151 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £109,998 across 2 sales.
  • Energy: 83 homes have an energy certificate (B: 4, C: 38, D: 38, E: 3).
  • Flood: 23 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band A; Band D in Rotherham costs £2,382 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 95% to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Kiveton Bridge, about 6.1 km (3.8 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden, Winthrop Park, is about 1.8 km (1.1 miles) away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 10.1 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.6 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 110 to 121 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 80 of its 115 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Village Surgery, about 700 m (0.4 miles) away.
  • People: About 1,250 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 55% of households owned their home and 18% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 169 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20262£109,998£99,995£120,000
20252£102,500£80,000£125,000
20242£80,000£60,000£100,000
20234£122,500£85,500£190,100
20223£195,000£97,500£312,000
20216£84,998£70,000£100,000
20202£69,998£65,000£74,995
20194£62,750£43,000£72,000
20182£64,500£59,000£70,000
20164£63,000£50,000£98,000
20157£55,050£30,000£72,950
20142£54,000£47,000£61,000
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 151)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
18 May 202693 S66 9HPSemi-detached£120,000
15 May 202622 S66 9HETerraced£110,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
24 Feb 20265 S66 9HFTerraced£99,995
12 Mar 202560 S66 9HHTerraced£125,000
31 Jan 202552 S66 9HHTerraced£80,000
25 Oct 202448 S66 9HHTerraced£100,000
20 Sep 202460 S66 9HHTerraced£67,500Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
9 Aug 202451 S66 9HFTerraced£63,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
23 Apr 202431 S66 9HFTerraced£60,000
9 Feb 202451 S66 9HFTerraced£55,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
2 Oct 202375 S66 9HFSemi-detached£190,100
29 Aug 202370 S66 9HWSemi-detached£130,000
14 Apr 20232B S66 9HASemi-detached£115,000
6 Apr 202343 S66 9HFSemi-detached£85,500
31 Mar 20238 S66 9HATerraced£68,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
31 Jan 20238 S66 9HATerraced£48,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
6 Dec 202242 S66 9HHTerraced£97,500
29 Jul 202299 S66 9HPSemi-detached£195,000
25 Apr 202237 S66 9HFTerraced£84,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
14 Apr 202286 S66 9HRDetached£312,000
10 Nov 202122 S66 9HETerraced£100,000
3 Nov 202127 S66 9HFTerraced£74,500
16 Sep 202178 S66 9HWTerraced£70,000
2 Sep 202132 S66 9HETerraced£85,000
18 Jun 202138 S66 9HETerraced£84,995
12 Mar 202124 S66 9HETerraced£65,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
12 Feb 20213 S66 9HFSemi-detached£93,000
30 Oct 202053 S66 9HFTerraced£65,000
13 Mar 202038 S66 9HETerraced£74,995
10 Jan 202048 S66 9HHTerraced£50,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
25 Oct 201953 S66 9HFTerraced£65,500
26 Jul 201925 S66 9HFTerraced£45,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
14 Jun 201962 S66 9HWTerraced£72,000
28 May 201956 S66 9HHTerraced£43,000
22 May 201940 S66 9HESemi-detached£60,000
16 Nov 201812 S66 9HATerraced£57,500Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
27 Apr 20183 S66 9HFSemi-detached£70,000
28 Feb 201833 S66 9HFTerraced£57,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
20 Feb 201843 S66 9HFSemi-detached£59,000
28 Jul 201752 S66 9HHTerraced£49,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
31 Aug 201658 S66 9HHTerraced£70,500
26 Aug 201631 S66 9HFTerraced£50,000
26 Jul 201622 S66 9HETerraced£55,500
26 May 201689 S66 9HPSemi-detached£98,000
26 Nov 201511 S66 9HFTerraced£45,000
2 Nov 201532 S66 9HETerraced£51,000
15 Jun 201521 S66 9HFTerraced£70,000
1 Apr 20152A S66 9HASemi-detached£55,050
1 Apr 20152B S66 9HASemi-detached£55,050New build.
26 Mar 201526 S66 9HETerraced£30,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from May 2012 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

83 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 72 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (38); House, semi-detached (30); House, end-terrace (13). Built: 1930-1949 (52); 1950-1966 (14); 1900-1929 (10). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (48); rented (private) (25); rented (social) (5).

Each home's certificates and sales (30 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Rotherham in 2026-27: Band D £2,382 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,588£1,852£2,117£2,382£2,911£3,440£3,969£4,763

Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band A (80% of about 750 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10), for the neighbourhood (census area of about 700 homes) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Finished in the last three months

  • 7 August 2026 to 11 August 2026: BT, Utility asset works, some carriageway incursion, on the verge (minor works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 14 addresses are in areas at high risk, 9 at medium risk and 13 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
S66 9HFnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 7 unlikely
S66 9HAnot in 2 or 3 3 / 1 / 2 unlikely
S66 9HWnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
S66 9HPnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
S66 9HRnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
S66 9HEnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 1 unlikely
S66 9HHnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 2 unlikely
S66 9DBnot in 2 or 3 11 / 7 / 1 unlikely
S66 9ASnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 115 addresses are between 110 m and 121 m above sea level (115 m on average); the ground rises about 11 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
S66 9AS100%95%95%0%
S66 9DB100%100%100%0%
S66 9HA100%100%100%0%
S66 9HE100%100%100%0%
S66 9HF100%100%100%0%
S66 9HH100%100%100%0%
S66 9HP100%100%100%0%
S66 9HR100%100%100%0%
S66 9HW100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsKiveton Bridge 69,000 journeys in 2024–256.1 km (3.8 miles)
Kiveton Park 58,000 journeys in 2024–256.8 km (4.2 miles)
Woodhouse 40,000 journeys in 2024–257.3 km (4.5 miles)
Bus stops11 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 25 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Katherine Road/Rowena Drive Thurcroft60 m
Bus or coach stationDinnington Interchange/A14.5 km (2.8 miles)
Car parksMorrisons Car Park - Bramley3 km (1.9 miles)
EV charging pointsMFG Charging Station2.9 km (1.8 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsLeeds Bradford Airport LBA58.5 km (36 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Village Surgery700 m (0.4 miles)
Pharmacies1 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Green Arbour Pharmacy380 m
NHS dentists1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Dental Surgery700 m (0.4 miles)
HospitalRotherham General Hospital5.7 km (3.6 miles)
Police stationSouth Yorkshire Police3.4 km (2.1 miles)
Cash machines1 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest The Cooperative Food Thurcroft, Thurcroft Cashzone250 m

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or gardenWinthrop Park 2,500 m²1.8 km (1.1 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 350 m²430 m (0.3 miles)
Playing field1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 3.1 ha420 m (0.3 miles)
Allotments3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.5 ha370 m

Landmarks

9 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).

Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Pea Carr WoodWood930 m (0.6 miles) west
Moat WoodWood1.2 km (0.7 miles) north
Wood PieceWood1.2 km (0.7 miles) south-west
Hawk HillHill1.7 km (1.1 miles) south
King's Pond PlantationWood1.8 km (1.1 miles) north
Ulley ReservoirLake or reservoir3.9 km (2.4 miles) south-west

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)10.14010
Fine particles (PM2.5)7.6205
Particles (PM10)15.14015

All three are within the UK legal limits; all three are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
65 to 6910
60 to 64100
55 to 59690
Under 5535115

80 of the street's 115 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Rotherham: see them on the Rotherham page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Thurcroft Infant SchoolPrimary3–7280 m No overall grade (Apr 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good
Thurcroft Junior AcademyPrimary7–11560 m (0.3 miles) No overall grade (Mar 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Liberty Church S66 9HFOther catering premises100 m5 Very good9 Feb 2024
John Street Supported Living S66 9HJHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises120 m5 Very good12 Jan 2022
Goa Indian Restaurant S66 9ANRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen230 m5 Very good16 Mar 2026
Himalayan S66 9ANTakeaway/sandwich shop230 m5 Very good21 Jan 2024
The Top Club S66 9AQPub/bar/nightclub250 m5 Very good13 Aug 2025
Co-operative Local S66 9AQRetailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets250 m4 Good27 Mar 2026
Staniforths S66 9AQRetailers - other250 m5 Very good18 Jun 2025
Wigro Convenience Store S66 9AQRetailers - other250 m5 Very good19 Oct 2023
Riverside Catering (RMBC) S66 9NTSchool/college/university280 m5 Very good24 Mar 2026
Riverside Catering (RMBC) S66 9NTSchool/college/university280 m5 Very good11 Jun 2025
Happy Kids Thurcroft S66 9NTHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises280 m5 Very good28 Nov 2025
Poppies Tea Room S66 9ANRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen300 m5 Very good18 Feb 2026
Thurcroft Toddler Group S66 9LAHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises310 m5 Very good21 Sep 2022
Oriental Chef S66 9LATakeaway/sandwich shop310 m4 Good15 Oct 2025
Spar / Subway / Greggs S66 9LARetailers - other310 m5 Very good31 Mar 2026

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

169 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences79
Anti-social behaviour27
Criminal damage and arson13
Other crime11
Other theft9
Vehicle crime8
Drugs8
Public order5
Burglary5
Possession of weapons2
Theft from the person1
Robbery1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Cedric Crescent (30); On or near Peter Street (30); On or near Katherine Road (18); On or near Cross Street (16); On or near Locksley Drive (16).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 4 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 1,250 residents in 525 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age3940
Children under 1520%17%
Aged 65 and over18%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)55%61%
Owned outright28%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rented15%17%
Private rented30%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work52%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)8%6%
Retired (of adults)21%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)9%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)14%32%
Travel to work by car or van68%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tramunder 1%4%
By any public transport, including bus8%8%
On foot or by bicycle8%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)66%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away6%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)18%34%
No qualifications29%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification6%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)97%91%
Cannot speak English well or at allunder 1%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 2 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • S66 9HF: 46 addresses of 51 in the postcode
  • S66 9HA: 12 addresses of 15 in the postcode
  • S66 9HW: 12 addresses of 13 in the postcode
  • S66 9HP: 11 addresses
  • S66 9HR: 11 addresses
  • S66 9HE: 10 addresses of 13 in the postcode
  • S66 9HH: 10 addresses of 11 in the postcode
  • S66 9DB: 2 addresses of 29 in the postcode
  • S66 9AS: 1 address of 21 in the postcode

Nearby streets

Cross Street · Cedric Crescent · John Street · Chapel Close · Charles Street · Rowena Drive · Central Drive · Scott Close · Brampton Avenue · Woodhouse Green · Peter Street · Templar Close

All the streets in S66 and across Rotherham.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.