Kestrel Road Basingstoke

90 addresses across 9 postcodes (RG22), about 1 km (0.6 miles) long, classed as a local road. USRN 2104203.

  • Sales: 90 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £635,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 50 homes have an energy certificate (C: 13, D: 29, E: 5, F: 3).
  • Flood: 19 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band D; Band D in Basingstoke and Deane costs £2,255 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 0% to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Basingstoke, about 4.4 km (2.7 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: There is a small park or garden about 180 m away, and Stratton Park (12 hectares) is about 610 m (0.4 miles) away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 6.5 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.3 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 104 to 116 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 2 of its 90 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Camrose Gillies And Hackwood Partnership, about 1.9 km (1.2 miles) away.
  • People: About 980 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 97% of households owned their home and 36% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 20 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often anti-social behaviour.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20251£635,000£635,000£635,000
20243£420,500£350,000£510,000
20223£405,000£386,500£525,000
20213£410,000£345,000£415,000
20205£380,000£317,000£440,000
20194£431,250£375,000£500,000
20182£439,000£438,000£440,000
20175£420,000£370,000£447,000
20164£322,513£295,000£350,000
20157£328,950£284,950£405,000
20145£290,000£250,000£477,500
20132£418,475£337,000£499,950
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 90)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
28 Nov 202523 RG22 5PESemi-detached£635,000
25 Jul 20255 RG22 5PADetached£525,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
27 Nov 202468A RG22 5PLSemi-detached£350,000
1 Nov 202454 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£420,500
1 Jul 202443 RG22 5PWDetached£510,000
6 May 202274 RG22 5PNDetached£405,000
25 Mar 202262 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£386,500
20 Jan 202223 RG22 5PESemi-detached£525,000
26 Nov 202151 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£415,000
12 May 202142 RG22 5PFSemi-detached£410,000
15 Apr 202168 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£345,000
21 Dec 202064 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£387,000
17 Dec 202061 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£380,000
10 Sep 202011A RG22 5PADetached£440,000
25 Aug 202080 RG22 5PNDetached£317,000
14 Feb 202051 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£340,000
12 Dec 201972 RG22 5PNDetached£375,000
23 Oct 201921 RG22 5PESemi-detached£397,500
10 Oct 20198 RG22 5PADetached£500,000
14 Feb 201914 RG22 5PBDetached£465,000
30 Nov 20185 RG22 5PADetached£438,000
11 May 201859 RG22 5PWDetached£440,000
17 Nov 20172 RG22 5PADetached£447,000
15 Sep 201747 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£370,000
29 Jun 201735 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£420,000
16 May 201741 RG22 5PWDetached£384,000
10 Feb 20173 RG22 5PADetached£422,000
30 Sep 201646 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£325,026
2 Sep 201648 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£295,000
15 Jul 201668 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£320,000
30 Jun 201672 RG22 5PNDetached£350,000
7 Aug 201537 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£385,000
24 Jul 201554 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£289,950
26 Jun 201541 RG22 5PWDetached£297,000
15 May 201550 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£284,950
8 May 201543 RG22 5PWDetached£330,000
30 Apr 201594 RG22 5PNDetached£405,000
2 Apr 201549 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£328,950
19 Nov 201426 RG22 5PBDetached£323,000
9 Sep 201454 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£262,500
23 Apr 201460 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£250,000
4 Apr 20149 RG22 5PADetached£477,500
20 Feb 201424 RG22 5PBSemi-detached£290,000
31 Oct 201355 RG22 5PWDetached£337,000
16 May 201315 RG22 5PBDetached£499,950
28 Sep 201261 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£240,000
20 Aug 201249 RG22 5PWSemi-detached£240,000
20 Jul 201264 RG22 5PLSemi-detached£270,000
30 Mar 201236 RG22 5PFSemi-detached£302,000
2 Mar 201286 RG22 5PNDetached£245,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from November 2008 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

50 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 101 m². Most common: House, detached (39); House, semi-detached (11). Built: 1967-1975 (40); 1976-1982 (6); 1950-1966 (4). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (35); rented (private) (2).

Each home's certificates and sales (34 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Basingstoke and Deane in 2026-27: Band D £2,255 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,503£1,754£2,005£2,255£2,756£3,258£3,759£4,510

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band D (41% of about 1,140 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): Basingstoke Town and Chineham and the surrounding villages of Old Basing, Oakley and Sherborne St John..
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Finished in the last three months

  • 27 August 2026 to 28 August 2026: BT, Utility repair and maintenance works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)
  • 11 August 2026: BT, Utility repair and maintenance works, no carriageway incursion, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 30 September 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 10 addresses are in areas at high risk, 9 at medium risk and 6 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
RG22 5PWnot in 2 or 3 8 / 6 / 0 unlikely
RG22 5PNnot in 2 or 3 0 / 2 / 2 unlikely
RG22 5PLnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 1 unlikely
RG22 5PAnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
RG22 5PBnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
RG22 5PFnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
RG22 5PEnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
RG22 5LBnot in 2 or 3 2 / 1 / 3 unlikely
RG22 5PPnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 90 addresses are between 104 m and 116 m above sea level (108 m on average); the ground rises about 12 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
RG22 5LB100%60%60%0%
RG22 5PA100%0%0%0%
RG22 5PB100%0%0%0%
RG22 5PE100%0%0%0%
RG22 5PF100%0%0%0%
RG22 5PL100%67%67%0%
RG22 5PN100%42%42%0%
RG22 5PP100%0%0%0%
RG22 5PW100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsBasingstoke 4.8 million journeys in 2024–254.4 km (2.7 miles)
Overton 174,000 journeys in 2024–258.3 km (5.2 miles)
Bramley (Hampshire) 265,000 journeys in 2024–2510.7 km (6.7 miles)
Bus stops4 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 15 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Homesteads Road Kempshott110 m
Bus or coach stationBus Station Basingstoke4.4 km (2.7 miles)
EV charging pointsbp pulse Charging Station1.8 km (1.1 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsSouthampton Airport SOU36.4 km (23 miles)
Nearest large airportLondon Heathrow Airport LHR53.5 km (33 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeriesCamrose Gillies And Hackwood Partnership1.9 km (1.2 miles)
PharmaciesMedhill Pharmacy1.9 km (1.2 miles)
NHS dentistsStanford Dental Practice1.8 km (1.1 miles)
HospitalBasingstoke And North Hampshire Hospital4.2 km (2.6 miles)
Police stationPolice Investigation Centre3.1 km (2 miles)
Cash machines1 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Tesco Bank ATM220 m

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden6 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1,830 m²180 m
Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles)Stratton Park 12 ha610 m (0.4 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 470 m²170 m
Playing fieldUnnamed 5.7 ha800 m (0.5 miles)
AllotmentsUnnamed 1,720 m²1 km (0.6 miles)

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 6 parks and gardens, 22 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Iron Age settlement 400m SE of Battle Down Farm, a scheduled monument, 470 m (0.3 miles) west. 4 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Iron Age settlement 400m SE of Battle Down FarmScheduled monument470 m (0.3 miles) west
Round barrow cemetery beside Seymour RoadScheduled monument1.1 km (0.7 miles) east
White BarrowScheduled monument1.6 km (1 mile) north-west
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Kite HillHill1 km (0.6 miles) north
Well's CopseWood1.3 km (0.8 miles) west
Jeffery's CopseWood1.4 km (0.9 miles) south-west
Mother's CopseWood1.6 km (1 mile) north-west
White Hill DellValley4.5 km (2.8 miles) south-east
The BasinLake or reservoir4.6 km (2.9 miles) east

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)6.54010
Fine particles (PM2.5)6.3205
Particles (PM10)10.04015

All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
60 to 6410
55 to 5910
Under 558890

2 of the street's 90 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Basingstoke and Deane: see them on the Basingstoke and Deane page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 1 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Kempshott Infant SchoolPrimary4–7370 m Good (May 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Kempshott Junior SchoolPrimary7–11420 m (0.3 miles) Good (Apr 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Park View Primary SchoolPrimary2–111.3 km (0.8 miles) Report card (May 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
Chiltern Primary SchoolPrimary4–111.5 km (0.9 miles) No overall grade (Oct 2024, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Requires improvement; Behaviour and attitudes: Requires improvement; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Requires improvement
Hatch Warren Junior SchoolPrimary7–111.6 km (1 mile) Good (May 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Bishop Challoner Catholic Secondary School Roman CatholicSecondary11–161.6 km (1 mile) No published inspection
Hatch Warren Infant SchoolPrimary4–71.6 km (1 mile) Good (Jun 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Mark's Church of England Primary SchoolPrimary4–111.7 km (1 mile) No published inspection
Brighton Hill Community SchoolSecondary11–161.8 km (1.1 miles) Report card (Jun 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Strong standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
The Blue Coat School BasingstokeSecondary11–161.9 km (1.2 miles) Requires improvement (Feb 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Hounsome Fields Primary SchoolPrimary4–111.9 km (1.2 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 1 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Tesco RG22 5NZRetailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets210 m5 Very good10 Dec 2024
The Kestrel RG22 5NZPub/bar/nightclub210 m5 Very good17 Dec 2024
China Garden RG22 5NZTakeaway/sandwich shop210 m5 Very good29 Sep 2026
Linnet House RG22 5LAHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises440 m (0.3 miles)4 Good17 Oct 2024

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

20 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Anti-social behaviour8
Violence and sexual offences7
Other theft2
Criminal damage and arson2
Vehicle crime1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Buckingham Court (7); On or near Buckingham Parade (4); On or near Holy Barn Close (3); On or near Falcon Close (2); On or near Kestrel Road (2).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 3 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 977 residents in 373 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age4940
Children under 1516%17%
Aged 65 and over27%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)97%61%
Owned outright58%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rentedunder 1%17%
Private rented3%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work56%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)3%6%
Retired (of adults)34%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)1%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)47%32%
Travel to work by car or van46%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram1%4%
By any public transport, including bus3%8%
On foot or by bicycle4%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)61%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away10%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)36%34%
No qualifications11%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification7%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)97%91%
Cannot speak English well or at allunder 1%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhoods around this street are all in decile 10 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

Nearby streets

Kingfisher Close · Falcon Close · Dove Close · Buckingham Parade · Osprey Road · Plover Close · Heron Way · Holy Barn Close · Buckingham Parade · Thrush Close · Robin Close · Curlew Close

All the streets in RG22 and across Basingstoke and Deane.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.