Locksley Close Stockport

31 addresses across 3 postcodes (SK4), about 170 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 38102036.

  • Sales: 39 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £602,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 17 homes have an energy certificate (C: 10, D: 6, E: 1).
  • Flood: No address on its postcodes is in an area at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band C; Band D in Stockport costs £2,619 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Stockport, about 1.3 km (0.8 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden, Bowerfold Open Space, is about 90 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 15.8 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.9 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 60 to 71 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 2 of its 31 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Heaton Norris Medical Practice, about 690 m (0.4 miles) away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
  • People: About 580 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 75% of households owned their home and 46% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 1 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20261£602,000£602,000£602,000
20252£536,000£525,000£547,000
20241£430,000£430,000£430,000
20231£520,000£520,000£520,000
20211£525,000£525,000£525,000
20182£392,475£374,950£410,000
20171£300,000£300,000£300,000
20161£399,950£399,950£399,950
20141£310,000£310,000£310,000
20121£305,000£305,000£305,000
20112£258,750£240,000£277,500
20101£288,000£288,000£288,000
Most recent sales (39)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
30 Jan 202625 SK4 2LWDetached£602,000Leasehold.
15 Aug 202526 SK4 2LWDetached£525,000Leasehold.
28 May 202512 SK4 2LWDetached£547,000Leasehold.
17 Sep 20242 SK4 2LWDetached£430,000Leasehold.
21 Apr 20238 SK4 2LWDetached£520,000Leasehold.
11 Feb 202130 SK4 2LWDetached£525,000
5 Oct 20188 SK4 2LWDetached£374,950Leasehold.
30 Aug 201814 SK4 2LWDetached£410,000Leasehold.
3 Mar 20174 SK4 2LWDetached£300,000Leasehold.
25 Jul 201623 SK4 2LWDetached£399,950Leasehold.
4 Jul 201422 SK4 2LWDetached£310,000Leasehold.
9 Mar 201224 SK4 2LWDetached£305,000Leasehold.
9 Dec 201110 SK4 2LWDetached£277,500Leasehold.
18 Mar 201117 SK4 2LWDetached£240,000Leasehold.
25 Feb 20107 SK4 2LWDetached£288,000Leasehold.
10 Oct 200823 SK4 2LWDetached£315,000Leasehold.
10 Mar 20068 SK4 2LWDetached£272,500Leasehold.
3 Oct 20055 SK4 2LWDetached£270,000Leasehold.
1 Mar 200528 SK4 2LWDetached£325,000
16 Jul 20043 SK4 2LWDetached£249,950Leasehold.
12 Mar 200425 SK4 2LWDetached£240,000Leasehold.
29 Aug 200328 SK4 2LWDetached£249,950
16 Dec 200222 SK4 2LWDetached£197,000Leasehold.
18 Jan 200214 SK4 2LWDetached£170,000Leasehold.
22 Nov 200117 SK4 2LWDetached£145,000Leasehold.
10 Aug 200118 SK4 2LWDetached£159,950Leasehold.
9 Apr 200111 SK4 2LWSemi-detached£150,000Leasehold.
31 Mar 200011 SK4 2LWSemi-detached£139,500Leasehold.
10 Dec 19998 SK4 2LWDetached£139,950Leasehold.
27 Sep 19996 SK4 2LWDetached£108,000Leasehold.
22 Jul 19997 SK4 2LWDetached£135,000Leasehold.
25 Jun 199922 SK4 2LWDetached£126,000Leasehold.
9 Apr 199918 SK4 2LWDetached£119,000Leasehold.
6 Nov 199830 SK4 2LWDetached£125,000New build.
5 Dec 199714 SK4 2LWDetached£115,000Leasehold.
5 Dec 199715 SK4 2LWDetached£93,000Leasehold.
6 Dec 199616 SK4 2LWDetached£89,000Leasehold.
15 Nov 19966 SK4 2LWDetached£87,000Leasehold.
15 May 19961 SK4 2LWDetached£88,750Leasehold.

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from January 2010 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

17 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 130 m². Most common: House, detached (17). Built: 1991-1995 (8); 1983-1990 (5); 1996-2002 (3). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (13); rented (private) (1).

Each home's certificates and sales (9 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Stockport in 2026-27: Band D £2,619 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,746£2,037£2,328£2,619£3,201£3,783£4,365£5,238

Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band C (52% of about 730 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the neighbourhood (census area of about 700 homes) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: yes, Green Lane (council page). Extensions, demolition, some windows and doors, and work on trees need consent.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): Green Lane.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Finished in the last three months

  • 10 August 2026 to 14 August 2026: STOCKPORT METROPOLITAN BOROUGH COUNCIL, Disconnection or alteration of supply, no carriageway incursion, on the footway (standard works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

No address in this street's postcodes is in an area at high, medium or low risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water. The rest are in areas at very low risk: less than a 0.1% (1 in 1,000) chance a year.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 31 addresses are between 60 m and 71 m above sea level (66 m on average); the ground rises about 12 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
SK4 2LW100%100%100%0%
SK4 2NA100%100%100%0%
SK4 2ND100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsStockport 4.3 million journeys in 2024–251.3 km (0.8 miles)
Heaton Chapel 623,000 journeys in 2024–251.3 km (0.8 miles)
Burnage 172,000 journeys in 2024–252.7 km (1.7 miles)
Bus stops1 stop within 400 m (0.2 miles), 27 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Green Lane Heaton Norris300 m
Bus or coach stationStockport Interchange1 km (0.6 miles)
Car parks2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Powerleague Stockport Car Park770 m (0.5 miles)
EV charging points7 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Be.EV Charging Station520 m (0.3 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsManchester Airport MAN9.9 km (6.1 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Heaton Norris Medical Practice690 m (0.4 miles)
Pharmacies11 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Cohens Chemist680 m (0.4 miles)
NHS dentists5 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Ethos Dental Surgery610 m (0.4 miles)
HospitalSt Thomas Hospital1.8 km (1.1 miles)
Police stationStockport Police Station1.6 km (1 mile)
Cash machines3 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest The Cooperative Food Stockport Didsbury Rd Cashzone480 m (0.3 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden6 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Bowerfold Open Space 4.2 ha90 m
Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles)Heaton Norris Park 5.5 ha780 m (0.5 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 640 m²280 m
Playing field1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.5 ha770 m (0.5 miles)
Allotments2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 940 m²190 m

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 6 parks and gardens, 13 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Stockport Railway Viaduct, a listed building (Grade II*), 940 m (0.6 miles) south-east. 13 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 1 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Stockport Railway ViaductListed building, Grade II*940 m (0.6 miles) south-east
Peel MoatScheduled monument1.9 km (1.2 miles) north-west
Vernon ParkRegistered park or garden, Grade II2.5 km (1.5 miles) east
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Sykes ReservoirLake or reservoir1.8 km (1.1 miles) south
Peel MoatLake or reservoir1.9 km (1.2 miles) north-west
Tiviot DaleValley2.1 km (1.3 miles) north-east
Crookilley WoodWood3.4 km (2.1 miles) east
Bottom Mill PondLake or reservoir3.5 km (2.2 miles) north-east
Castle HillHill4.5 km (2.8 miles) north-east

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)15.84010
Fine particles (PM2.5)7.9205
Particles (PM10)13.74015

All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road, rail and aircraft noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailwaysAircraft
55 to 59200
Under 55293131

2 of the street's 31 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Stockport: see them on the Stockport page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Norris Bank Primary SchoolPrimary4–11460 m (0.3 miles) No published inspection
All Saints Church of England Primary School StockportPrimary3–11780 m (0.5 miles) No overall grade (Nov 2024, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Requires improvement; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good
Hollywood Park Nursery SchoolNursery2–5870 m (0.5 miles) No overall grade (May 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good
St Anne's RC Voluntary Academy Roman CatholicSecondary11–16930 m (0.6 miles) Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Lark Hill Primary SchoolPrimary2–111 km (0.6 miles) Good (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Mersey Vale Primary SchoolPrimary3–111 km (0.6 miles) Good (Apr 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Mary's Roman Catholic Primary School, a Voluntary AcademyPrimary3–111 km (0.6 miles) Report card (Jul 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Strong standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Strong standard; Early years: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
St Winifred's RC Primary School, a Voluntary Academy Roman CatholicPrimary4–111.2 km (0.7 miles) No overall grade (Dec 2024, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Requires improvement; Behaviour and attitudes: Requires improvement; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Requires improvement
Freshfield Nursery SchoolNursery2–51.3 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
St Matthew's Church of England Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.3 km (0.8 miles) Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Whitehill Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.3 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
St Joseph's Catholic Primary School, a Voluntary Academy Roman CatholicPrimary3–111.4 km (0.9 miles) Report card (Jun 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Nursery Inn SK4 2NARestaurant/Cafe/Canteen210 m3 Generally satisfactory22 May 2026
Village Chippy SK4 2LZTakeaway/sandwich shop230 m5 Very good20 Feb 2025
Morrisons Daily SK4 2NARetailers - other230 m5 Very good30 Nov 2022
The Heatons Sports Club SK4 2NFRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen340 m5 Very good3 Feb 2026
Norris Bank P S Kids Club SK4 2NFSchool/college/university340 m5 Very good24 Mar 2026
Dolce @ Norris Bank Primary SK4 2NFSchool/college/university340 m5 Very good3 Feb 2026
Elm Cottage Nursery SK4 2HSHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises380 m5 Very good16 Mar 2026
Kino's Takeaway SK4 2BDTakeaway/sandwich shop450 m (0.3 miles)4 Good11 Sep 2025
Decathlon Retail (UK) Ltd SK4 1DNRetailers - other460 m (0.3 miles)Exempt
B & Q LTD SK4 1DNRetailers - other460 m (0.3 miles)Exempt
Care Today SK4 2HHHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises460 m (0.3 miles)Exempt
Co-Op Food SK4 2BARetailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets480 m (0.3 miles)5 Very good27 May 2026

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

1 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Deneway (1).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 2 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 582 residents in 247 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age4540
Children under 1519%17%
Aged 65 and over18%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)75%61%
Owned outright36%33%
Shared ownershipunder 1%1%
Social rented11%17%
Private rented13%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work62%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)5%6%
Retired (of adults)24%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)3%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)44%32%
Travel to work by car or van45%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram1%4%
By any public transport, including bus2%8%
On foot or by bicycle7%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)80%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away3%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)46%34%
No qualifications10%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification3%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)98%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all0%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 8 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Energy certificates New energy certificate: band C, house, detached (lodged 14 October 2026) found 2 November 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • SK4 2LW: 29 addresses of 31 in the postcode
  • SK4 2NA: 1 address of 33 in the postcode
  • SK4 2ND: 1 address of 41 in the postcode

Nearby streets

Green Lane · Green Lane · Mount Road · Deneway Close · Elizabeth Court · Nursery Road · St Martin's Avenue · Kennedy Way · Burley Court · Dene Court · Deneway · Bower Avenue

All the streets in SK4 and across Stockport.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.