Mallows Green Harlow

283 addresses across 4 postcodes (CM19), about 710 m (0.4 miles) long, classed as a local road. USRN 16500230.

  • Sales: 147 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £332,500 across 2 sales.
  • Energy: 119 homes have an energy certificate (C: 84, D: 34, E: 1).
  • Flood: 27 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band C; Band D in Harlow costs £2,299 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Harlow Town, about 4 km (2.5 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 130 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 9.0 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.3 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 66 to 75 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 16 of its 283 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Lister Medical Centre, about 1.3 km (0.8 miles) away.
  • People: About 610 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 38% of households owned their home and 18% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 129 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20262£332,500£330,000£335,000
20254£327,500£155,000£335,000
20244£191,500£145,000£330,000
20236£271,500£160,000£375,000
20215£275,000£152,500£309,500
20203£191,500£185,000£279,000
20194£267,500£135,000£291,000
20181£155,000£155,000£155,000
20174£162,000£145,000£270,000
20164£211,500£147,000£263,500
20152£117,000£116,500£117,500
20141£238,000£238,000£238,000
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 147)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
5 Aug 202643 CM19 5SATerraced£330,000
15 May 202631 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£165,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
16 Feb 2026129 CM19 5SDTerraced£335,000
17 Dec 202532 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£155,000Leasehold.
14 Oct 202545 CM19 5SATerraced£330,000
5 Sep 202522 CM19 5SAOther£110Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
30 May 2025123 CM19 5SDTerraced£335,000
6 Jan 2025125 CM19 5SDTerraced£325,000
20 Dec 20248 CM19 5SATerraced£330,000
14 Oct 2024113 CM19 5SDFlat or maisonette£145,000Leasehold.
12 Sep 2024141 CM19 5SDFlat or maisonette£198,000Leasehold.
4 Apr 202449 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£185,000Leasehold.
30 Nov 202323 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£162,500Leasehold.
7 Jul 202380 CM19 5SBTerraced£365,000
27 Jun 20231 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£203,000Leasehold.
4 May 202327 CM19 5SATerraced£340,000
24 Apr 202335 CM19 5SATerraced£375,000
27 Mar 202381 CM19 5SBTerraced£355,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
9 Feb 2023108 CM19 5SDFlat or maisonette£160,000Leasehold.
19 Jul 202242 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£170,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
7 Jan 202287 CM19 5SBFlat or maisonette£193,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
26 Nov 2021124 CM19 5SDTerraced£295,000
8 Oct 20217 CM19 5SASemi-detached£275,000
4 Aug 2021137 CM19 5SDFlat or maisonette£152,500Leasehold.
30 Apr 202113 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£157,500Leasehold.
5 Mar 202134 CM19 5SATerraced£309,500
26 Oct 202041 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£191,500Leasehold.
21 Oct 202088 CM19 5SBFlat or maisonette£174,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
6 Mar 2020120 CM19 5SDTerraced£279,000
26 Feb 2020106 CM19 5SBTerraced£185,000Leasehold.
19 Dec 201989 CM19 5SBFlat or maisonette£135,000Leasehold.
17 Dec 201981 CM19 5SBTerraced£291,000
24 Jul 201947 CM19 5SATerraced£250,000
12 Apr 201916 CM19 5SATerraced£285,000
30 Nov 201823 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£155,000Leasehold.
15 Oct 201859 CM19 5SBFlat or maisonette£160,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
26 Oct 20171 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£176,000Leasehold.
8 Jun 2017108 CM19 5SDFlat or maisonette£148,000Leasehold.
30 Jan 201734 CM19 5SATerraced£270,000
23 Jan 2017105 CM19 5SBFlat or maisonette£145,000Leasehold.
10 Nov 201639 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£131,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
9 Aug 201659 CM19 5SBFlat or maisonette£147,000Leasehold.
1 Jul 201681 CM19 5SBTerraced£263,500
1 Jul 201641 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£175,000Leasehold.
27 May 201672 CM19 5SBTerraced£248,000
12 Aug 201513 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£116,500Leasehold.
29 Jun 201529 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£112,500Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
27 Mar 201522 CM19 5SAFlat or maisonette£117,500Leasehold.
6 Mar 201424 CM19 5SATerraced£238,000
10 Dec 2013105 CM19 5SBFlat or maisonette£88,500Leasehold.

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from April 2009 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

119 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 58 m². Most common: Flat (72); House, mid-terrace (37); House, end-terrace (10). Built: 1976-1982 (51); 1950-1966 (36); 1967-1975 (25). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (46); rented (social) (46); rented (private) (22).

Each home's certificates and sales (32 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Harlow in 2026-27: Band D £2,299 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,532£1,788£2,043£2,299£2,810£3,320£3,831£4,597

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band C (61% of about 1,200 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): HMO - townwide.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Planned, as of 31 October 2026

  • 11 November 2026 to 13 November 2026: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL, Highway repair and maintenance works, give and take, on the footway (minor works)

Finished in the last three months

  • 3 August 2026 to 5 August 2026: BT, Utility asset works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (minor works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 21 addresses are in areas at high risk, 6 at medium risk and 51 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
CM19 5SAnot in 2 or 3 2 / 0 / 1 unlikely
CM19 5SBnot in 2 or 3 10 / 5 / 3 unlikely
CM19 5SDnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 19 unlikely
CM19 5RPnot in 2 or 3 9 / 1 / 28 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 283 addresses are between 66 m and 75 m above sea level (70 m on average); the ground rises about 8 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
CM19 5RP100%100%100%0%
CM19 5SA100%100%100%0%
CM19 5SB100%100%100%0%
CM19 5SD100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsHarlow Town 1.8 million journeys in 2024–254 km (2.5 miles)
Roydon 133,000 journeys in 2024–254.1 km (2.6 miles)
Rye House 436,000 journeys in 2024–255.4 km (3.4 miles)
Bus stops4 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 21 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Hull Grove Sumners160 m
Bus or coach stationBus Station Harlow Town Centre2.9 km (1.8 miles)
Car parksNCP2.9 km (1.8 miles)
EV charging pointsSmart Charge Charging Station3.2 km (2 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsLondon Stansted Airport STN18.8 km (12 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Lister Medical Centre1.3 km (0.8 miles)
Pharmacies2 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Medicare Pharmacy290 m
NHS dentists3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Barbara Castle Health Centre210 m
HospitalThe Princess Alexandra Hospital2.8 km (1.7 miles)
Police stationHarlow Police Station2.7 km (1.7 miles)
Cash machinesSpar Cashzone1.9 km (1.2 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 13 ha130 m
Play area4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 3,000 m²150 m
Playing field3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 2.3 ha330 m
AllotmentsWater Lane Allotment Site 1 5,250 m²1 km (0.6 miles)

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 4 parks and gardens, 23 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Kingsmoor House, a listed building (Grade II*), 560 m (0.3 miles) north-east. 12 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 1 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Kingsmoor HouseListed building, Grade II*560 m (0.3 miles) north-east
Passmores House moated site, immediately south of Todd BrookScheduled monument1.9 km (1.2 miles) north-east
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Burnett WoodWood230 m east
Savoy WoodWood540 m (0.3 miles) south
Markwell WoodWood650 m (0.4 miles) south-east
Risdens WoodWood910 m (0.6 miles) south-east
Rye HillHill1.8 km (1.1 miles) south-east
Willow LakeLake or reservoir2.3 km (1.4 miles) north-west

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)9.04010
Fine particles (PM2.5)7.3205
Particles (PM10)12.14015

All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
55 to 59160
Under 55267283

16 of the street's 283 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Harlow: see them on the Harlow page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Water Lane Primary AcademyPrimary4–11330 m No published inspection
Milwards Primary School and NurseryPrimary3–11540 m (0.3 miles) Good (Nov 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Kingsmoor AcademyPrimary3–11790 m (0.5 miles) No published inspection
Jerounds Primary AcademyPrimary3–111.1 km (0.7 miles) Good (Oct 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Katherines Primary Academy and NurseryPrimary3–111.2 km (0.7 miles) Report card (Mar 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
St James Church of England Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.2 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
Stewards Academy - Science Specialist, HarlowSecondary11–161.3 km (0.8 miles) Requires improvement (May 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Luke's Catholic Academy Roman CatholicPrimary3–111.4 km (0.9 miles) Good (Dec 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Longwood Primary AcademyPrimary3–111.6 km (1 mile) No published inspection
Abbotsweld Primary AcademyPrimary5–111.9 km (1.2 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Water Lane Primary Academy CM19 5RDSchool/college/university290 m3 Generally satisfactory24 Apr 2026
Medicare Chemist Ltd CM19 5RDRetailers - other290 mExempt
SK News CM19 5RDRetailers - other290 m3 Generally satisfactory16 May 2025
Sun Kwong Fish Bar CM19 5RDTakeaway/sandwich shop290 m5 Very good22 Nov 2024
The Herald Public House CM19 5RDPub/bar/nightclub290 m5 Very good11 Feb 2022
Sunflower Day Nursery & Kids Club CM19 5RDHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises290 m5 Very good19 Oct 2021
Sumners Farm Close CM19 5SLHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises300 m5 Very good20 Mar 2026
Shaftesbury Keefields CM19 5SWHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises380 m5 Very good30 Oct 2025

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

129 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences57
Anti-social behaviour34
Other theft9
Public order8
Criminal damage and arson4
Drugs4
Vehicle crime4
Other crime4
Burglary2
Robbery1
Theft from the person1
Possession of weapons1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Mallows Green (64); On or near Taylifers (47); On or near Hull Grove (18).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 2 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 613 residents in 258 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age3840
Children under 1521%17%
Aged 65 and over16%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)38%61%
Owned outright15%33%
Shared ownershipunder 1%1%
Social rented47%17%
Private rented15%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work53%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)8%6%
Retired (of adults)18%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)7%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)14%32%
Travel to work by car or van66%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram3%4%
By any public transport, including bus7%8%
On foot or by bicycle8%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)64%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away8%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)18%34%
No qualifications27%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification6%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)88%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all2%2%

Deprivation

The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 3 to 4 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Roadworks Street works permit: ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL: Highway repair and maintenance works, 11 November 2026 to 13 November 2026 (give and take) found 3 November 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

Nearby streets

Hull Grove · Taylifers · Sumners Farm Close · Archers · Milwards · Wellesley

All the streets in CM19 and across Harlow.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.