Manor Road Deal, Dover
98 addresses across 8 postcodes (CT14), about 590 m (0.4 miles) long, classed as a b road. USRN 11300770.
- Sales: 121 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £355,000 across 2 sales.
- Energy: 55 homes have an energy certificate (B: 2, C: 19, D: 21, E: 10, F: 2, G: 1).
- Flood: 5 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band B; Band D in Dover costs £2,462 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Walmer, about 1.2 km (0.8 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 290 m away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 7.0 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.6 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 8 to 13 m above sea level.
- Noise: 86 of its 98 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is St Richards Road Surgery, about 820 m (0.5 miles) away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 1,300 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 67% of households owned their home and 25% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 71 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
Sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 2 | £355,000 | £295,000 | £415,000 |
| 2025 | 3 | £435,000 | £355,000 | £525,000 |
| 2024 | 2 | £339,250 | £338,500 | £340,000 |
| 2023 | 3 | £325,000 | £300,000 | £380,000 |
| 2022 | 1 | £348,000 | £348,000 | £348,000 |
| 2021 | 2 | £445,000 | £410,000 | £480,000 |
| 2020 | 2 | £195,000 | £165,000 | £225,000 |
| 2019 | 5 | £280,000 | £180,000 | £400,000 |
| 2018 | 5 | £270,000 | £257,000 | £375,000 |
| 2017 | 2 | £168,250 | £115,000 | £221,500 |
| 2016 | 3 | £235,000 | £165,000 | £240,000 |
| 2015 | 3 | £275,000 | £195,000 | £280,000 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Jul 2026 | 33 CT14 9BX | Detached | £415,000 | |
| 10 Apr 2026 | 65 CT14 9BY | Semi-detached | £295,000 | |
| 25 Nov 2025 | 36 CT14 9BX | Detached | £435,000 | |
| 30 Jul 2025 | 17 CT14 9BT | Detached | £525,000 | |
| 21 Jan 2025 | 19 CT14 9BT | Semi-detached | £355,000 | |
| 19 Sep 2024 | 77 CT14 9BY | Semi-detached | £250,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 5 Aug 2024 | 12 CT14 9BS | Semi-detached | £340,000 | |
| 20 May 2024 | 24 CT14 9BX | Terraced | £338,500 | |
| 19 Dec 2023 | 70 CT14 9DB | Semi-detached | £310,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 22 Sep 2023 | 26 CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £325,000 | |
| 26 May 2023 | 84 CT14 9DB | Terraced | £300,000 | |
| 10 Mar 2023 | 29 CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £380,000 | |
| 8 Sep 2022 | 72 CT14 9DB | Detached | £348,000 | |
| 28 Jan 2022 | 63 CT14 9BY | Semi-detached | £325,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 11 Jun 2021 | 5 CT14 9BS | Semi-detached | £410,000 | |
| 22 Apr 2021 | 96 CT14 9DB | Detached | £480,000 | |
| 16 Oct 2020 | 70 CT14 9DB | Semi-detached | £225,000 | |
| 6 Jan 2020 | 109 CT14 9DB | Semi-detached | £165,000 | |
| 25 Nov 2019 | 2 CT14 9BS | Terraced | £232,500 | |
| 24 Oct 2019 | 43 CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £400,000 | |
| 4 Oct 2019 | 40 CT14 9BY | Detached | £310,000 | |
| 17 Sep 2019 | 66 CT14 9DB | Terraced | £180,000 | |
| 6 Aug 2019 | 27 CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £280,000 | |
| 7 Nov 2018 | 67 CT14 9BY | Semi-detached | £270,000 | |
| 5 Oct 2018 | 49 CT14 9BY | Detached | £375,000 | |
| 8 Aug 2018 | 24 CT14 9BX | Terraced | £260,000 | |
| 12 Mar 2018 | 86 CT14 9DB | Terraced | £257,000 | |
| 4 Jan 2018 | 18 CT14 9BT | Semi-detached | £290,000 | |
| 13 Oct 2017 | 96A CT14 9DB | Flat or maisonette | £115,000 | |
| 26 Apr 2017 | 84 CT14 9DB | Terraced | £221,500 | |
| 9 Dec 2016 | 5 CT14 9BS | Semi-detached | £240,000 | |
| 9 Dec 2016 | 64 CT14 9DB | Terraced | £165,000 | |
| 22 Jul 2016 | 86 CT14 9DB | Terraced | £235,000 | |
| 17 Dec 2015 | 63 CT14 9BY | Semi-detached | £195,000 | |
| 20 Oct 2015 | 31 CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £280,000 | |
| 13 Feb 2015 | 23 CT14 9BT | Semi-detached | £275,000 | |
| 19 Dec 2014 | 74 CT14 9DB | Semi-detached | £200,000 | |
| 7 Nov 2014 | 7 CT14 9BS | Semi-detached | £212,500 | |
| 8 Oct 2014 | 107 CT14 9DB | Semi-detached | £150,000 | |
| 17 Apr 2014 | 25 CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £243,000 | |
| 10 Dec 2013 | 10 CT14 9BS | Semi-detached | £215,000 | |
| 27 Sep 2013 | 92 CT14 9DB | Terraced | £330,000 | |
| 30 May 2013 | 78 CT14 9DB | Semi-detached | £176,000 | |
| 31 Aug 2012 | 6 CT14 9BS | Terraced | £180,000 | |
| 9 Dec 2011 | 34A CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £150,000 | |
| 2 Dec 2011 | 75 CT14 9BY | Semi-detached | £185,000 | |
| 2 Dec 2011 | 34 CT14 9BX | Semi-detached | £162,500 | |
| 25 Oct 2011 | 36 CT14 9BX | Detached | £200,000 | |
| 17 Dec 2010 | THE STUDIO, 86A CT14 9DB | Detached | £134,950 | New build. |
| 4 Nov 2010 | 7 CT14 9BS | Semi-detached | £160,000 |
Energy performance certificates
55 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 91 m². Most common: House, semi-detached (30); House, detached (10); House, end-terrace (6). Built: 1930-1949 (17); 1900-1929 (12); before 1900 (8). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (40); rented (private) (6).
Each home's certificates and sales (31 addresses)
- 2, Manor Road
- 6, Manor Road
- 7, Manor Road
- 10, Manor Road
- 18, Manor Road
- 23, Manor Road
- 25, Manor Road
- 27, Manor Road
- 31, Manor Road
- 34, Manor Road
- 40, Manor Road
- 41, Manor Road
- 43, Manor Road
- 45, Manor Road
- 49, Manor Road
- 57, Manor Road
- 64, Manor Road
- 66, Manor Road
- 67, Manor Road
- 72, Manor Road
- 75, Manor Road
- 79, Manor Road
- 82 Manor Road
- 86, Manor Road
- 86a, Manor Road
- 87, Manor Road
- 88 Church View, Manor Road
- 92, Manor Road
- 99, Manor Road
- 109, Manor Road
- 111, Manor Road
Council tax
What each band costs in Dover in 2026-27: Band D £2,462 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,641 | £1,915 | £2,188 | £2,462 | £3,009 | £3,556 | £4,103 | £4,923 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band B (43% of about 2,140 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: yes, Deal - Upper Deal. Extensions, demolition, some windows and doors, and work on trees need consent.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: 12.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Tree preservation orders: 9 protected trees on or by this street.
- Green belt: no.
Listed buildings
- CHURCH OF ST LEONARDS, grade II*
- 94 AND 96, MANOR ROAD, grade II
- 96a, Manor Road, grade II
- 98 Manor Road, grade II
- COURT HOUSE, grade II
- HOLLY FARM, grade II
- JENKIN'S WELL, grade II
- K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK, grade II
- MANOR HOUSE COTTAGE, grade II
- NORMAN HOUSE, grade II
- THE ADMIRAL KEPPEL INN, grade II
- THE RECTORY, grade II
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- St Richards Road Surgery, 227 St Richards Road, Deal: up to 1 home, permissioned (920 m (0.6 miles))
Roadworks
Planned, as of 31 October 2026
- 9 November 2026 to 4 December 2026: SOUTHERN GAS NETWORKS PLC, Utility repair and maintenance works, multi-way signals, on the footway, carriageway (major (paa) works)
- 9 November 2026 to 4 December 2026: SOUTHERN GAS NETWORKS PLC, Utility repair and maintenance works, multi-way signals, on the footway, carriageway (major works)
Finished in the last three months
- 8 September 2026: BT, Utility repair and maintenance works, give and take, on the footway (minor works)
- 19 August 2026: BT, Utility asset works, multi-way signals, on the carriageway (minor works)
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 3 addresses are in areas at high risk, 2 at medium risk and 11 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.
Groundwater flooding is possible in 8 of these postcodes: an address there is in a groundwater flood alert area.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk | Groundwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| CT14 9DB | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 1 / 5 | possible |
| CT14 9BY | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 1 | possible |
| CT14 9BX | not in 2 or 3 | 3 / 1 / 4 | possible |
| CT14 9BS | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 1 | possible |
| CT14 9BT | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 | possible |
| CT14 9EN | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 | possible |
| CT14 9LU | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 | possible |
| CT14 9PW | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 | possible |
Height above sea level
The street's 98 addresses are between 8 m and 13 m above sea level (10 m on average); the ground rises about 5 m from the lowest to the highest.
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT14 9BS | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| CT14 9BT | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| CT14 9BX | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| CT14 9BY | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| CT14 9DB | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| CT14 9EN | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| CT14 9LU | 100% | 80% | 100% | 0% |
| CT14 9PW | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Walmer 222,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) |
| Deal 530,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | |
| Martin Mill 68,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 5.6 km (3.5 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 8 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 40 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Bruce Close Upper Deal | 10 m |
| Ferry terminal | Dover Eastern Docks Ferry Terminal | 10.7 km (6.6 miles) |
| Car parks | Beach Street Car Park | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) |
| EV charging points | 5 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Connected Kerb Charging Stations | 900 m (0.6 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | London Southend Airport SEN | 62.5 km (39 miles) |
| Nearest large airport | London Stansted Airport STN | 109 km (68 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest St Richards Road Surgery | 820 m (0.5 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 7 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Paydens Pharmacy | 820 m (0.5 miles) |
| NHS dentists | 5 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Pennypot Dental Practice | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) |
| Hospital | Victoria Hospital (Deal) | 600 m (0.4 miles) |
| Police station | Sandwich Police Shop | 7.5 km (4.7 miles) |
| Cash machines | 3 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest The Cooperative Food Deal, Hamilton Road Cashzone | 260 m |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 4,230 m² | 290 m |
| Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles) | Unnamed 7,640 m² | 490 m (0.3 miles) |
| Play area | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 350 m² | 270 m |
| Playing field | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.8 ha | 290 m |
| Allotments | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 2,170 m² | 280 m |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 3 parks and gardens, 1.4 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Church of St Leonards, a listed building (Grade II*), 480 m (0.3 miles) north-west. 33 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 2 of them Grade II*.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Church of St Leonards | Listed building, Grade II* | 480 m (0.3 miles) north-west |
| Church of St Nicholas | Listed building, Grade II* | 950 m (0.6 miles) north-west |
| Medieval manor house, Walmer | Scheduled monument | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) south |
| Artillery castle at Deal | Scheduled monument | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) north-east |
| Walmer Castle | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) south-east |
| Artillery castle at Walmer | Scheduled monument | 1.8 km (1.1 miles) south-east |
| Northbourne Court | Registered park or garden, Grade II* | 3 km (1.8 miles) west |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Walmer Beach | Beach | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) south-east |
| Rays Bottom | Valley | 2.1 km (1.3 miles) south |
| Black Hill | Hill | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) south-west |
| The Firs | Wood | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) south |
| Deal Beach | Beach | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) north-east |
| Brook Stream | Lake or reservoir | 3.6 km (2.3 miles) north-west |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 7.0 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 6.6 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 10.6 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 70 to 74 | 4 | 0 |
| 65 to 69 | 11 | 0 |
| 60 to 64 | 50 | 0 |
| 55 to 59 | 21 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 12 | 98 |
86 of the street's 98 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Dover: see them on the Dover page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodwin Academy | Secondary | 11–18 | 440 m (0.3 miles) | No overall grade (Jan 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good |
| Deal Parochial Church of England Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 650 m (0.4 miles) | No published inspection |
| Warden House Primary School | Primary | 5–11 | 700 m (0.4 miles) | No overall grade (Mar 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Requires improvement; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Requires improvement |
| The Downs Church of England Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 780 m (0.5 miles) | Good (Sep 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| St Mary's Catholic Primary School Roman Catholic | Primary | 5–11 | 780 m (0.5 miles) | Good (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Hornbeam Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | No published inspection |
| Sholden Church of England Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) | Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Sandown School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) | No published inspection |
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brewood School (Mill Hill) CT14 9EN | School/college/university | 70 m | 5 Very good | 12 Mar 2026 |
| Total Fitness Mix Ltd CT14 9EW | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 140 m | 5 Very good | 19 Feb 2025 |
| Mace (Mill Shop) CT14 9EW | Retailers - other | 160 m | 3 Generally satisfactory | 28 Mar 2025 |
| The Golden Fillet CT14 9EW | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 160 m | 5 Very good | 4 Mar 2026 |
| Peking Palace CT14 9EW | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 200 m | 5 Very good | 2 Jul 2025 |
| Co-op CT14 9BE | Retailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets | 250 m | 5 Very good | 2 Sep 2026 |
| Top Wok CT14 9BE | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 250 m | 5 Very good | 27 Feb 2025 |
| Co-Op CT14 9EX | Retailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets | 350 m | 5 Very good | 27 Mar 2025 |
| The Mill Inn CT14 9ER | Pub/bar/nightclub | 360 m | 4 Good | 24 Nov 2025 |
| Star Coffee Shop CT14 9EX | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 380 m | 4 Good | 10 Sep 2025 |
| Treetops Pre-School CT14 9BD | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 390 m | 5 Very good | 28 Feb 2020 |
| Impact Food Group @ Goodwin Academy CT14 9BD | School/college/university | 390 m | 5 Very good | 10 Oct 2025 |
| Winwin CT14 9EX | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 390 m | 5 Very good | 18 May 2026 |
| Afyon CT14 9EX | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 390 m | 5 Very good | 21 Apr 2026 |
| Brunch Box CT14 9JB | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 390 m | 5 Very good | 26 Jan 2026 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 31 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 12 |
| Shoplifting | 7 |
| Other theft | 6 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 5 |
| Burglary | 2 |
| Robbery | 2 |
| Drugs | 2 |
| Vehicle crime | 2 |
| Public order | 2 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Freemens Way (18); On or near Supermarket (16); On or near Milldale Close (14); On or near Bruce Close (10); On or near St James Close (6).
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 49 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 15% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 29% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 67% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 43% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | under 1% | 1% |
| Social rented | 14% | 17% |
| Private rented | 19% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 51% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 5% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 30% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 9% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 24% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 59% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 4% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 5% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 11% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 52% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 7% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 25% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 22% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 7% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 97% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | under 1% | 2% |
Deprivation
The 3 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 3 to 4 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
- Food hygiene ratings Holy Dough (restaurant/cafe/canteen, CT14 9BG) is no longer listed; it was rated 5 Very good found 3 November 2026
Postcodes on this street
- CT14 9DB: 32 addresses of 34 in the postcode
- CT14 9BY: 22 addresses of 23 in the postcode
- CT14 9BX: 21 addresses of 23 in the postcode
- CT14 9BS: 13 addresses
- CT14 9BT: 7 addresses of 8 in the postcode
- CT14 9EN: 1 address of 26 in the postcode
- CT14 9LU: 1 address of 9 in the postcode
- CT14 9PW: 1 address of 28 in the postcode
Nearby streets
Castle Mews · Bruce Close · Milldale Close · Gilham Grove · Freemens Way · Trinity Place · Mill Hill · St Leonard's Road · Scholars Close · Bedwell Close · Whyman Close · Sycamore Drive
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.