Mill Lane York
68 addresses across 4 postcodes (YO31), about 190 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 45801608.
- Sales: 44 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £557,000 across 1 sale.
- Energy: 27 homes have an energy certificate (B: 6, C: 6, D: 11, E: 3, F: 1).
- Flood: 2 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band C; Band D in York costs £2,287 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 82% to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is York, about 1.9 km (1.2 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden, Glen Gardens, is about 190 m away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 8.4 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.1 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 12 to 14 m above sea level.
- Noise: 56 of its 68 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Jorvik Gillygate Practice, about 1 km (0.6 miles) away.
- People: About 720 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 48% of households owned their home and 41% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 92 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
Sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 1 | £557,000 | £557,000 | £557,000 |
| 2025 | 2 | £376,250 | £275,000 | £477,500 |
| 2024 | 1 | £285,000 | £285,000 | £285,000 |
| 2023 | 3 | £361,500 | £220,000 | £600,000 |
| 2021 | 2 | £319,731 | £289,950 | £349,512 |
| 2019 | 1 | £290,000 | £290,000 | £290,000 |
| 2017 | 1 | £360,000 | £360,000 | £360,000 |
| 2016 | 2 | £395,000 | £390,000 | £400,000 |
| 2015 | 7 | £395,000 | £330,000 | £425,000 |
| 2014 | 1 | £100,000 | £100,000 | £100,000 |
| 2013 | 1 | £180,000 | £180,000 | £180,000 |
| 2012 | 1 | £280,000 | £280,000 | £280,000 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Jan 2026 | 9 YO31 7TF | Terraced | £557,000 | |
| 1 Oct 2025 | 6 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £365,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 30 May 2025 | 34 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £275,000 | |
| 14 Mar 2025 | 11 YO31 7TF | Terraced | £477,500 | |
| 4 Oct 2024 | 30 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £285,000 | |
| 22 Jun 2023 | 3, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £600,000 | |
| 18 Apr 2023 | 36 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £220,000 | |
| 13 Feb 2023 | 12 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £361,500 | |
| 29 Sep 2022 | 24 YO31 7TE | Other | £5,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 6 Jul 2021 | 32 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £289,950 | |
| 18 May 2021 | 4 YO31 7TE | Semi-detached | £349,512 | |
| 20 May 2020 | 24 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £292,500 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 11 Jan 2019 | 14 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £290,000 | |
| 31 Mar 2017 | 1, THE OLD BAKERY YO31 7SW | Detached | £360,000 | |
| 19 Sep 2016 | 8, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £390,000 | New build. |
| 23 Mar 2016 | 4, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £400,000 | New build. |
| 27 Aug 2015 | 3, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £425,000 | |
| 6 Aug 2015 | 7, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £390,000 | |
| 27 Jul 2015 | 6, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £395,000 | New build. |
| 24 Jul 2015 | 2, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £395,000 | New build. |
| 24 Jul 2015 | 5, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £395,000 | New build. |
| 23 Jul 2015 | 1, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Terraced | £395,000 | New build. |
| 19 Mar 2015 | 16 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £330,000 | |
| 21 Aug 2014 | 26 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £100,000 | |
| 1 Nov 2013 | 8, HEWORTH PARADE YO31 7AA | Other | £600,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 22 Feb 2013 | 28 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £180,000 | |
| 11 Jan 2012 | 2, THE OLD BAKERY YO31 7SW | Detached | £280,000 | |
| 12 Apr 2011 | 2 YO31 7TE | Detached | £165,000 | |
| 31 Jul 2009 | 18 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £249,000 | |
| 16 Feb 2009 | 34 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £155,000 | |
| 3 Aug 2007 | 34 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £175,000 | |
| 11 Jul 2007 | 28 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £150,000 | |
| 5 May 2006 | 2, THE OLD BAKERY YO31 7SW | Detached | £249,950 | |
| 1 Jul 2005 | 7 YO31 7TF | Terraced | £305,000 | |
| 30 Mar 2004 | 2, THE OLD BAKERY YO31 7SW | Detached | £222,500 | New build. |
| 22 Mar 2004 | 1, THE OLD BAKERY YO31 7SW | Detached | £249,500 | New build. |
| 9 May 2003 | 7 YO31 7TF | Terraced | £240,000 | |
| 29 Jun 2001 | 28 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £85,800 | |
| 18 Jun 2001 | 4 YO31 7TE | Semi-detached | £100,000 | |
| 26 Jan 2001 | 14 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £95,000 | |
| 25 Jul 1997 | 9 YO31 7TF | Terraced | £72,500 | |
| 17 Jul 1997 | 22 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £65,000 | |
| 27 Sep 1996 | 32 YO31 7TE | Terraced | £25,500 | |
| 10 Apr 1996 | 16 YO31 7TE | Semi-detached | £71,500 |
Energy performance certificates
27 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 121 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (12); House, end-terrace (6); House (4). Built: before 1900 (10); 2014 (4); 1950-1966 (3). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (13); rented (private) (7).
Each home's certificates and sales (11 addresses)
Council tax
What each band costs in York in 2026-27: Band D £2,287 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,525 | £1,779 | £2,033 | £2,287 | £2,795 | £3,304 | £3,812 | £4,574 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band C (41% of about 750 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: yes, Heworth Green/East Parade Conservation Area (council page). Extensions, demolition, some windows and doors, and work on trees need consent.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: 3.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): HMO.
- Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Green belt: no.
Listed buildings
- 44, HEWORTH GREEN (See details for further address information), grade II
- 46, HEWORTH GREEN, grade II
- 48 AND 50, HEWORTH GREEN, grade II
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- Former Gas Works 24 Heworth Green (Zone A): up to 119 homes, permissioned (170 m)
- Former Gas Works 24 Heworth Green (Zone B): up to 392 homes, permissioned (170 m)
- Former Gas Works 24 Heworth Green (Zone C): up to 96 homes, permissioned (170 m)
- Land at Layerthorpe: up to 20 homes, not permissioned (450 m (0.3 miles))
- Former Garage Site Mansfield Street: up to 6 homes, not permissioned (620 m (0.4 miles))
- 12 Sturdee Grove York YO31 8FD: up to 9 homes, permissioned (770 m (0.5 miles))
- Hungate Development Site (Block G): up to 196 homes, permissioned (920 m (0.6 miles))
- Hungate Development Site (Block D): up to 196 homes, permissioned (920 m (0.6 miles))
Roadworks
Planned, as of 31 October 2026
- 5 October 2026 to 1 November 2026: CITY OF YORK COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, road closure, on the carriageway (major (paa) works)
Finished in the last three months
- 5 October 2026 to 28 October 2026: CITY OF YORK COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, road closure, on the carriageway (major works)
- 4 September 2026: VIRGIN MEDIA, Utility repair and maintenance works, no carriageway incursion, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)
- 31 August 2026 to 7 September 2026: NORTHERN POWERGRID (NORTHEAST) PLC, Utility repair and maintenance works, give and take, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 0 addresses are in areas at high risk, 2 at medium risk and 6 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk | Groundwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| YO31 7TF | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 2 / 1 | unlikely |
| YO31 7TE | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 5 | unlikely |
| YO31 7AA | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 | unlikely |
| YO31 7SW | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 | unlikely |
Height above sea level
The street's 68 addresses are between 12 m and 14 m above sea level (13 m on average).
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| YO31 7AA | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| YO31 7SW | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| YO31 7TE | 100% | 82% | 82% | 0% |
| YO31 7TF | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | York 10 million journeys in 2024–25 | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) |
| Poppleton 120,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 5.4 km (3.4 miles) | |
| Hammerton 57,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 14.6 km (9.1 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 16 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 55 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Mill Lane Heworth | 20 m |
| Car parks | 5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Britannia Parking | 50 m |
| EV charging points | 4 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest MFG Charging Station | 740 m (0.5 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Leeds Bradford Airport LBA | 40.5 km (25 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Jorvik Gillygate Practice | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 8 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Boots | 670 m (0.4 miles) |
| NHS dentists | 10 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Dental Surgery | 850 m (0.5 miles) |
| Hospital | Whitecross Court Community Hospital | 760 m (0.5 miles) |
| Police station | North Yorkshire Police Mill House | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) |
| Cash machines | 1 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest The Cooperative Food Heworth, Heworth | 260 m |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Glen Gardens 1.6 ha | 190 m |
| Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles) | Unnamed 1.8 ha | 750 m (0.5 miles) |
| Play area | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 440 m² | 260 m |
| Playing field | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest King George's Field 1.8 ha | 540 m (0.3 miles) |
| Allotments | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.4 ha | 430 m (0.3 miles) |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 2 parks and gardens, 3.4 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Middleton House, a listed building (Grade II*), 620 m (0.4 miles) south-west. 186 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 11 of them Grade I and 24 of them Grade II*.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Middleton House | Listed building, Grade II* | 620 m (0.4 miles) south-west |
| Jewbury Medieval Jewish Cemetery | Scheduled monument | 680 m (0.4 miles) south-west |
| Church of St Cuthbert | Listed building, Grade I | 770 m (0.5 miles) south-west |
| Merchant Taylors Hall | Listed building, Grade I | 780 m (0.5 miles) south-west |
| Roman Wall Approximately 20 Metres South East of Monk Bar | Listed building, Grade I | 780 m (0.5 miles) south-west |
| York Minster cathedral precinct: including Bootham Bar and the length of City Walls extending round the precinct up to Monk Bar | Scheduled monument | 1 km (0.6 miles) west |
| Medieval stone town house known as The Norman House to the rear of Nos 48 and 50 Stonegate | Scheduled monument | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) south-west |
| Museum Gardens, York | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) west |
| York Cemetery | Registered park or garden, Grade II* | 1.8 km (1.1 miles) south |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Low Plantation | Wood | 1 km (0.6 miles) east |
| Wormald's Cut | Lake or reservoir | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) south-west |
| Brownie Dyke | Lake or reservoir | 1.7 km (1 mile) south-west |
| Heslington Hill | Hill | 2 km (1.2 miles) south-east |
| Mill Plantation | Wood | 2 km (1.2 miles) south-east |
| Rawcliffe Ings | Cliff or slope | 4.1 km (2.6 miles) north-west |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 8.4 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 6.1 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 10.0 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 70 to 74 | 1 | 0 |
| 65 to 69 | 17 | 0 |
| 60 to 64 | 6 | 0 |
| 55 to 59 | 32 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 12 | 68 |
56 of the street's 68 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for York: see them on the York page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heworth Church of England Primary School | Primary | 5–11 | 490 m (0.3 miles) | No published inspection |
| Tang Hall Primary Academy | Primary | 2–11 | 500 m (0.3 miles) | Good (Mar 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Park Grove Primary Academy | Primary | 5–11 | 510 m (0.3 miles) | Report card (Nov 2025): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Needs attention; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met |
| St Wilfrid's Catholic Primary School - a Catholic Voluntary Academy Roman Catholic | Primary | 3–11 | 680 m (0.4 miles) | Good (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Haxby Road Primary Academy | Primary | 2–11 | 870 m (0.5 miles) | No published inspection |
| Hempland Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.4 km (0.8 miles) | Report card (Feb 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Strong standard; Achievement: Strong standard; Attendance and behaviour: Strong standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Strong standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met |
| St Aelred's Catholic Primary School - a Catholic Voluntary Academy Roman Catholic | Primary | 2–11 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | Good (Jan 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| St Lawrence's Church of England Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.5 km (1 mile) | Good (Nov 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Yearsley Grove Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.6 km (1 mile) | Good (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Fishergate Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.7 km (1 mile) | No published inspection |
| Clifton Green Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) | Report card (Jul 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Needs attention; Achievement: Needs attention; Attendance and behaviour: Needs attention; Personal development and wellbeing: Needs attention; Inclusion: Needs attention; Leadership and governance: Needs attention; Early years: Needs attention; Safeguarding standards: Met |
| St George's Catholic Primary School - a Catholic Voluntary Academy Roman Catholic | Primary | 3–11 | 1.8 km (1.1 miles) | No published inspection |
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Busy Bees Nurseries Limited YO31 7TA | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 70 m | 5 Very good | 27 Nov 2025 |
| Daisy Chain Day Nursery YO31 7TP | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 140 m | 5 Very good | 2 May 2025 |
| Heworth and Bootham Conservative Club YO31 7YJ | Pub/bar/nightclub | 180 m | 5 Very good | 26 Mar 2018 |
| Heworth Chinese Takeaway YO31 7YJ | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 180 m | 5 Very good | 30 May 2025 |
| Kiosk in The Park YO31 7YJ | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 180 m | 5 Very good | 15 May 2018 |
| Loves Greengrocers YO31 7YB | Retailers - other | 190 m | 5 Very good | 17 Feb 2021 |
| Co-op Late Shop YO31 7YB | Retailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets | 190 m | 3 Generally satisfactory | 2 Sep 2026 |
| Rustique Kitchen and Deli YO31 7YB | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 190 m | 5 Very good | 10 Aug 2026 |
| Either Way Up YO31 7YB | Pub/bar/nightclub | 190 m | 3 Generally satisfactory | 7 Nov 2025 |
| Elefant Kitchen @ Either Way Up YO31 7YB | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 190 m | 5 Very good | 12 Jan 2026 |
| York Gym Shop YO31 7SX | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 250 m | 5 Very good | 18 Mar 2021 |
| York Community and Gymnastics YO31 7SX | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 250 m | 4 Good | 12 Oct 2009 |
| Costa Coffee YO31 7RE | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 330 m | 5 Very good | 24 Feb 2026 |
| Ascot House Guest House YO31 7YH | Hotel/bed & breakfast/guest house | 350 m | 5 Very good | 23 Jul 2019 |
| Foss Bank Guest House YO31 8RB | Hotel/bed & breakfast/guest house | 380 m | 5 Very good | 24 May 2019 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 36 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 26 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 7 |
| Other theft | 6 |
| Burglary | 5 |
| Vehicle crime | 3 |
| Drugs | 2 |
| Public order | 2 |
| Robbery | 2 |
| Possession of weapons | 1 |
| Bicycle theft | 1 |
| Other crime | 1 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Cinder Lane (12); On or near Eastern Terrace (12); On or near Heworth Green (11); On or near Parking Area (11); On or near Glen Avenue (10).
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 32 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 9% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 17% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 48% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 33% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | 0% | 1% |
| Social rented | 20% | 17% |
| Private rented | 32% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 49% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 8% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 17% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 2% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 38% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 25% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | under 1% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 4% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 31% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 87% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 9% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 41% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 9% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 4% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 95% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | under 1% | 2% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 8 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
- YO31 7TF: 29 addresses of 30 in the postcode
- YO31 7TE: 26 addresses of 28 in the postcode
- YO31 7AA: 10 addresses
- YO31 7SW: 3 addresses
Nearby streets
John Street · Hyrst Grove · Cinder Lane · Villa Grove · St Johns Walk · Heworth Mews · Wood Street · St John's Walk · Malton Road · Irwin Avenue · Ripon Croft · Hawthorn Grove
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.