New Square London, Camden

100 addresses across 16 postcodes (WC2A), about 340 m long, classed as a restricted local access road. USRN 20401252.

  • Sales: 3 recorded sales since 1995; in 2017 the median was £1,000,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 1 homes have an energy certificate (D: 1).
  • Flood: 15 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band D; Band D in Camden costs £2,208 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 0% to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is City Thameslink, about 720 m (0.4 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden, Coney Garth, is about 50 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 33.2 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 11.1 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 16 to 19 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 82 of its 101 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is St Philips Medical Centre, about 210 m away, with 18 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
  • People: About 250 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 19% of households owned their home and 76% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 269 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often other theft.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20171£1,000,000£1,000,000£1,000,000
19981£190,000£190,000£190,000
Most recent sales (3)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
10 Oct 2018PART OF SECOND AND THIRD FLOORS, 1 WC2A 3SAOther£1,950,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
27 Jul 2017FLAT, 1 WC2A 3SAFlat or maisonette£1,000,000
17 Aug 1998THIRD AND SECOND FLOOR PREMISES, 6 WC2A 3QSFlat or maisonette£190,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from November 2025 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

1 home with a current certificate; median floor area 171 m². Most common: Flat (1). Built: before 1900 (1). Tenure at assessment: rented (private) (1).

Council tax

What each band costs in Camden in 2026-27: Band D £2,208 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,472£1,717£1,962£2,208£2,698£3,189£3,679£4,415

Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band D (27% of about 1,240 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10), for the neighbourhood (census area of about 700 homes) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: yes, Bloomsbury (council page). Extensions, demolition, some windows and doors, and work on trees need consent.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: 18.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): Basements, Commercial, Business, and Service (Use Class E) to residential (Use Class C3) (in CAZ).
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Listed buildings

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 31 October 2026.

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 6 addresses are in areas at high risk, 9 at medium risk and 15 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
WC2A 3SAnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3QSnot in 2 or 3 1 / 0 / 1 unlikely
WC2A 3QPnot in 2 or 3 1 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3UJnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3QBnot in 2 or 3 2 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3SWnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3QHnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3RSnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3SBnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3QAnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3RJnot in 2 or 3 2 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3SHnot in 2 or 3
WC2A 3TPnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3QGnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3QNnot in 2 or 3 0 / 1 / 0 unlikely
WC2A 3UPnot in 2 or 3 0 / 3 / 14 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 101 addresses are between 16 m and 19 m above sea level (18 m on average).

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
WC2A 3QA100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3QB50%50%50%0%
WC2A 3QG100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3QH100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3QN100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3QP100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3QS50%50%50%0%
WC2A 3RJ100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3RS100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3SA96%96%96%0%
WC2A 3SB0%0%0%0%
WC2A 3SH50%50%50%0%
WC2A 3SW100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3TP100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3UJ100%100%100%0%
WC2A 3UP37%37%37%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsCity Thameslink 7.6 million journeys in 2024–25720 m (0.4 miles)
Farringdon 50 million journeys in 2024–25800 m (0.5 miles)
London Blackfriars 15 million journeys in 2024–25820 m (0.5 miles)
Underground, metro or tramChancery Lane Underground Station360 m
Temple Underground Station480 m (0.3 miles)
Holborn Underground Station530 m (0.3 miles)
Bus stops13 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 74 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest The Royal Courts of Justice Temple220 m
Bus or coach stationLondon St Pancras Megabusplus1.9 km (1.2 miles)
Ferry terminalSavoy Pier Embankment840 m (0.5 miles)
Car parks13 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Lincoln's Inn Secure Car Park100 m
EV charging points43 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest ubitricity90 m
Airport with scheduled flightsLondon City Airport LCY11.8 km (7.3 miles)
Nearest large airportLondon Heathrow Airport LHR24.5 km (15 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries18 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest St Philips Medical Centre210 m
Pharmacies30 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Boots470 m (0.3 miles)
NHS dentists35 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Bell Yard Dental160 m
HospitalThe Italian Hospital830 m (0.5 miles)
Police stationHolborn Police Station670 m (0.4 miles)
Cash machines2 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Hsbc Cash Machine740 m (0.5 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden8 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Coney Garth 3,010 m²50 m
Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles)Victoria Embankment Gardens 3.8 ha720 m (0.4 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 420 m²500 m (0.3 miles)
Playing field1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 920 m²630 m (0.4 miles)
AllotmentsUnnamed 900 m²2.4 km (1.5 miles)

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 8 parks and gardens, 11 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Numbers 1-11 and Attached Railings, a listed building (Grade II*), 30 m. 879 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 56 of them Grade I and 95 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Numbers 1-11 and Attached RailingsListed building, Grade II*30 m
60, Carey StreetListed building, Grade II*90 m east
Numbers 12 and 13 and Attached RailingsListed building, Grade I90 m north
Nos. 16-23, OLD BUILDINGSListed building, Grade I110 m north-east
Lincoln's Inn FieldsRegistered park or garden, Grade II230 m north-west
Inner Temple Hall ButteryScheduled monument360 m south-east
Barnard's Inn Hall (Mercers' School)Scheduled monument370 m north-east
Middle TempleRegistered park or garden, Grade II420 m (0.3 miles) south-east
Apothecaries' HallScheduled monument790 m (0.5 miles) east
Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's ChurchWorld Heritage Site2 km (1.2 miles) south-west
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
King's ReachTidal water1.4 km (0.8 miles) south
Pelican PoolLake or reservoir1.8 km (1.1 miles) south-west
Duck IslandIsland1.8 km (1.1 miles) south-west
Barrow HillHill4.2 km (2.6 miles) north-west
Paddington GreenWood4.2 km (2.6 miles) west
RedriffWetland4.9 km (3 miles) east

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)33.24010
Fine particles (PM2.5)11.1205
Particles (PM10)18.14015

All three are within the UK legal limits; all three are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road, rail and aircraft noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailwaysAircraft
60 to 641500
55 to 596700
Under 5519101101

82 of the street's 101 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Camden: see them on the Camden page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
St Clement Danes CofE Primary School Church of EnglandPrimary4–11430 m (0.3 miles) No overall grade (Nov 2024, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding
City Lit16 plus16–99450 m (0.3 miles) No published inspection
St Josephs Catholic Primary SchoolPrimary3–11580 m (0.4 miles) No overall grade (Apr 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding
St Alban's Church of England Primary SchoolPrimary3–11580 m (0.4 miles) No published inspection
St George the Martyr Church of England Primary SchoolPrimary3–11810 m (0.5 miles) Outstanding (Jun 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Christopher Hatton Primary SchoolPrimary3–11830 m (0.5 miles) Report card (Jun 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Strong standard; Achievement: Strong standard; Attendance and behaviour: Strong standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Strong standard; Early years: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
London Nautical, City of London AcademySecondary11–181.1 km (0.7 miles) Requires improvement (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Thomas Coram CentreNursery2–51.2 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
Capital City College16 plus14–991.3 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
St Peter and St Paul Catholic Primary SchoolPrimary2–111.4 km (0.9 miles) Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Hugh Myddelton Primary SchoolPrimary2–111.5 km (0.9 miles) No published inspection
Soho Parish CofE Primary School Church of EnglandPrimary3–111.5 km (0.9 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
The Seven Stars WC2A 2JBPub/bar/nightclub40 m3 Generally satisfactory27 Mar 2025
LODHA DEVELOPERS 48CS LIMITED WC2A 2ATHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises90 mExempt
The Bean Counter WC2A 3PHRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen90 m5 Very good25 Nov 2019
Guido's WC2A 1EUTakeaway/sandwich shop120 m4 Good22 Nov 2023
Ch & co catering ltd WC2A 3UJRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen120 m5 Very good11 Jun 2018
THE LAST JUDGMENT WC2A 1DTHotel/bed & breakfast/guest house120 m2 Improvement necessary5 Jun 2025
Press Coffee WC2A 1DDRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen120 m4 Good19 Nov 2021
Pret A Manger WC2A 1DDTakeaway/sandwich shop130 m5 Very good27 Oct 2022
Lucky Voice WC2A 1DLRetailers - other130 m4 Good7 Sep 2024
Graysons Restaurant WC2A 1PLOther catering premises150 m5 Very good3 Feb 2026
Searcys @ The Royal College of Surgeons of England WC2A 3PERestaurant/Cafe/Canteen150 m5 Very good6 May 2026
Honi Poke WC2A 1LBTakeaway/sandwich shop150 m5 Very good9 Jul 2026
Serenity Zephyr Ltd (Teapsy Project) WC2A 1LBRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen150 m5 Very good31 Oct 2025
Love Dumplings' Legend WC2A 1LBTakeaway/sandwich shop150 m3 Generally satisfactory2 Jul 2025
Saigon Coffee WC2A 1LBRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen150 mAwaiting inspection

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

269 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Other theft97
Theft from the person38
Anti-social behaviour27
Shoplifting23
Bicycle theft21
Violence and sexual offences18
Burglary16
Public order11
Criminal damage and arson7
Vehicle crime4
Drugs4
Robbery3

Most of these are attached to: On or near Fleet Street (59); On or near Portsmouth Street (49); On or near Nightclub (45); On or near Middle Temple Lane (38); On or near Bell Yard (17).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the Output Area (a small census area of about 125 households) that this street's postcodes are in: 247 residents in 142 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age3040
Children under 152%17%
Aged 65 and over11%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)19%61%
Owned outright13%33%
Shared ownershipunder 1%1%
Social rented6%17%
Private rented75%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work63%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)7%6%
Retired (of adults)7%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)under 1%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)64%32%
Travel to work by car or van1%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram8%4%
By any public transport, including bus10%8%
On foot or by bicycle23%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)93%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away2%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)76%34%
No qualifications2%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualificationunder 1%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)79%91%
Cannot speak English well or at allunder 1%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 4 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Food hygiene ratings BARN JU (restaurant/cafe/canteen, WC2A 3HP) is no longer listed; it was rated 4 Good found 31 October 2026
  • Food hygiene ratings PHO S82 LTD (restaurant/cafe/canteen, WC1V 7DX) is no longer listed; it was rated 5 Very good found 31 October 2026
  • Food hygiene ratings Phos82 (takeaway/sandwich shop, WC1V 7DX) newly listed: Awaiting inspection found 31 October 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

Nearby streets

Lincoln's Inn Fields · Lincoln's Inn Fields · New Square Passage · Portugal Street · Star Yard · Chichester Rents · Bishop's Court · Carey Street · Carey Street · Bell Yard · Chancery Lane · Chancery Lane

All the streets in WC2A and across Camden.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.