Sandfields Frodsham, Cheshire West and Chester

49 addresses across 3 postcodes (WA6), about 180 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 41701376.

  • Sales: 64 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £242,250 across 2 sales.
  • Energy: 31 homes have an energy certificate (C: 8, D: 16, E: 7).
  • Flood: 13 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band C; Band D in Cheshire West and Chester costs £2,517 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Frodsham, about 80 m away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden, Marshlands Tree Garden, is about 390 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 8.8 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 6.1 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 18 to 26 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 17 of its 49 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Princeway Surgeries, about 390 m away.
  • People: About 610 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 64% of households owned their home and 39% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 123 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20252£242,250£220,000£264,500
20242£201,250£150,000£252,500
20221£225,000£225,000£225,000
20212£200,500£176,000£225,000
20204£157,125£149,000£194,500
20193£189,000£175,000£201,000
20182£171,000£157,000£185,000
20171£160,000£160,000£160,000
20163£167,500£144,250£300,000
20153£165,000£160,000£180,000
20143£177,500£144,250£236,000
20132£167,000£154,000£180,000
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 64)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
21 Aug 202535 WA6 6PTTerraced£220,000Leasehold.
22 Jan 20257 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£264,500
19 Dec 202453 WA6 6PTSemi-detached£150,000Leasehold.
6 Sep 202432 WA6 6PTTerraced£252,500Leasehold.
15 Dec 202247 WA6 6PTTerraced£225,000Leasehold.
14 Jun 20217 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£225,000
1 Apr 202134 WA6 6PTTerraced£176,000Leasehold.
21 Dec 202015 WA6 6PWTerraced£155,000
17 Sep 202019 WA6 6PWTerraced£194,500
11 Sep 202057 WA6 6PTSemi-detached£159,250Leasehold.
14 May 202055 WA6 6PTSemi-detached£149,000Leasehold.
4 Oct 201911 WA6 6PWTerraced£175,000
28 May 201933 WA6 6PTTerraced£189,000Leasehold.
25 Jan 20197 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£201,000
16 Nov 201819 WA6 6PWTerraced£185,000
29 May 201824 WA6 6PTTerraced£157,000Leasehold.
29 Mar 201711 WA6 6PWTerraced£160,000
6 May 20168 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£300,000Leasehold.
4 Apr 201622 WA6 6PTTerraced£167,500Leasehold.
24 Mar 201619 WA6 6PWTerraced£144,250
6 Nov 201527 WA6 6PTTerraced£180,000Leasehold.
28 Sep 201525 WA6 6PTTerraced£160,000Leasehold.
15 May 201549 WA6 6PTTerraced£165,000Leasehold.
11 Dec 201419 WA6 6PWTerraced£144,250
23 Oct 201437 WA6 6PTTerraced£177,500Leasehold.
12 Feb 201414 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£236,000Leasehold.
14 Nov 201311 WA6 6PWTerraced£154,000
4 Oct 201326 WA6 6PTTerraced£180,000Leasehold.
21 Sep 201219 WA6 6PWTerraced£130,000
5 Oct 201147 WA6 6PTTerraced£180,000Leasehold.
16 Sep 201151 WA6 6PTTerraced£175,000Leasehold.
5 Aug 201131 WA6 6PTTerraced£134,000Leasehold.
27 May 20117 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£140,000
14 Apr 201132 WA6 6PTTerraced£160,500Leasehold.
12 Feb 201047 WA6 6PTSemi-detached£162,000Leasehold.
29 Aug 20079 WA6 6PWDetached£305,000
17 Aug 200751 WA6 6PTTerraced£175,000Leasehold.
20 Apr 200711 WA6 6PWTerraced£155,000
31 Mar 200651 WA6 6PTTerraced£145,000Leasehold.
14 Feb 200639 WA6 6PTTerraced£150,000Leasehold.
31 Jan 200619 WA6 6PWTerraced£155,000
24 Aug 200549 WA6 6PTTerraced£146,000Leasehold.
11 Jun 200453 WA6 6PTSemi-detached£110,000Leasehold.
22 Dec 200316 WA6 6PTSemi-detached£112,500Leasehold.
12 Dec 200313 WA6 6PWTerraced£147,000Leasehold.
23 Jul 20038 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£178,000Leasehold.
21 Feb 200313 WA6 6PWSemi-detached£85,000
21 Feb 200313 WA6 6PWTerraced£85,000Leasehold.
15 Jan 200334 WA6 6PTTerraced£99,200Leasehold.
19 Jul 200233 WA6 6PTTerraced£91,000Leasehold.

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from June 2012 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

31 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 105 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (15); House, semi-detached (9); House, end-terrace (7). Built: 1967-1975 (19); 1900-1929 (6); before 1900 (2). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (23); rented (private) (4).

Each home's certificates and sales (19 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Cheshire West and Chester in 2026-27: Band D £2,517 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,678£1,958£2,238£2,517£3,077£3,636£4,196£5,035

Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band C (26% of about 800 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the neighbourhood (census area of about 700 homes) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Started, not reported finished by 31 October 2026

  • 21 October 2026 to 17 November 2026: MANWEB, Disconnection or alteration of supply, give and take, on the footway (major works)

Planned, as of 31 October 2026

  • 19 October 2026 to 13 November 2026: MANWEB, Disconnection or alteration of supply, give and take, on the footway (major (paa) works)

Finished in the last three months

  • 21 August 2026 to 29 October 2026: MANWEB, New service connection, give and take, on the footway (major works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 6 addresses are in areas at high risk, 7 at medium risk and 2 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
WA6 6PTnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WA6 6PWnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
WA6 6PNnot in 2 or 3 6 / 7 / 2 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 49 addresses are between 18 m and 26 m above sea level (22 m on average); the ground rises about 8 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
WA6 6PN100%100%100%0%
WA6 6PT100%100%100%0%
WA6 6PW100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsFrodsham 269,000 journeys in 2024–2580 m
Helsby 124,000 journeys in 2024–254 km (2.5 miles)
Runcorn 732,000 journeys in 2024–254.9 km (3.1 miles)
Bus stops12 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 31 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Bridge Stores Frodsham140 m
Car parks2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Frodsham Station Car Park90 m
EV charging points1 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Moor Lane Car Park GeniePoint310 m
Airport with scheduled flightsLiverpool John Lennon Airport LPL9.5 km (5.9 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Princeway Surgeries390 m
Pharmacies2 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Boots180 m
NHS dentists2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Dental Surgery190 m
HospitalHalton Hospital Captain Sir Tom Moore Building3.5 km (2.1 miles)
Police stationCheshire Police - Frodsham Police Station320 m
Cash machinesJesani Stores Ltd, Northwich Road3.5 km (2.2 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Marshlands Tree Garden 1.0 ha390 m
Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles)Castle Park 8.6 ha460 m (0.3 miles)
Play area5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1,560 m²450 m (0.3 miles)
Playing field4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 7,290 m²160 m
Allotments4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 3,710 m²190 m

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 3 parks and gardens, 10 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Church of St Lawrence, a listed building (Grade I), 580 m (0.4 miles) south. 45 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 1 of them Grade I and 1 of them Grade II*.

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Church of St LawrenceListed building, Grade I580 m (0.4 miles) south
Castle Park, FrodshamRegistered park or garden, Grade II630 m (0.4 miles) south-west
The Old VicarageListed building, Grade II*730 m (0.5 miles) south-east
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Marshlands Tree GardenWood440 m (0.3 miles) north-west
Overton HillHill1.2 km (0.7 miles) south
Beacon HillHill1.2 km (0.7 miles) south
The LumLake or reservoir1.4 km (0.9 miles) north-west
Frodsham MarshWetland1.9 km (1.2 miles) west
Mare CloughValley3.4 km (2.1 miles) east

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)8.84010
Fine particles (PM2.5)6.1205
Particles (PM10)11.14015

All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road, rail and aircraft noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailwaysAircraft
65 to 69100
55 to 591600
Under 55324949

17 of the street's 49 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Cheshire West and Chester: see them on the Cheshire West and Chester page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
St Luke's Catholic Primary School Roman CatholicPrimary4–11160 m Good (Jun 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Frodsham Manor House Primary SchoolPrimary4–11580 m (0.4 miles) No published inspection
Frodsham CofE Primary School Church of EnglandPrimary2–11720 m (0.4 miles) Good (Feb 2020, overall grade under the previous framework)
Frodsham Primary AcademyPrimary2–11850 m (0.5 miles) No overall grade (Feb 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Helter Skelter WA6 6PNPub/bar/nightclub120 m3 Generally satisfactory23 Sep 2026
E J Fry Days WA6 6PNTakeaway/sandwich shop130 m5 Very good29 Sep 2026
Sandstone WA6 6PNRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen130 m5 Very good25 Mar 2026
The Curious Cat Bookshop WA6 6PNRetailers - other130 m5 Very good18 Jun 2026
Tailmates & Dorys cafe WA6 6PNRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen140 m5 Very good8 Jul 2025
Zucca WA6 6PNRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen150 m5 Very good25 Mar 2026
Bene Gelateria WA6 6PNRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen150 m5 Very good15 Sep 2025
Alan Pickup Butchers WA6 6QWRetailers - other160 m5 Very good30 Apr 2026
Bloom coffee & brunch WA6 6QWRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen160 m5 Very good22 Jul 2025
Home & Beauty WA6 6QWRetailers - other160 mExempt
Paddy's Kash 22 WA6 6QWPub/bar/nightclub160 m1 Major improvement necessary26 Mar 2026
Boots UK WA6 7DNRetailers - other170 mExempt
Card Factory WA6 6QWRetailers - other170 mExempt
Morrisons Supermarkets WA6 7HERetailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets170 m5 Very good21 Jan 2026
Poundstretcher WA6 6QSRetailers - other180 m5 Very good2 Jul 2026

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

123 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences53
Public order18
Shoplifting17
Anti-social behaviour12
Criminal damage and arson8
Burglary4
Drugs4
Other crime3
Other theft2
Vehicle crime1
Possession of weapons1

Most of these are attached to: On or near A56 (25); On or near Nightclub (19); On or near Supermarket (17); On or near Church Street (17); On or near Whitehall Place (10).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 2 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 607 residents in 304 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age4640
Children under 1514%17%
Aged 65 and over27%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)64%61%
Owned outright39%33%
Shared ownershipunder 1%1%
Social rented1%17%
Private rented35%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work57%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)5%6%
Retired (of adults)32%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)2%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)37%32%
Travel to work by car or van44%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram2%4%
By any public transport, including bus2%8%
On foot or by bicycle13%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)43%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away7%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)39%34%
No qualifications13%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification6%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)98%91%
Cannot speak English well or at allunder 1%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 9 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Roadworks Street works permit: MANWEB: Disconnection or alteration of supply, 19 October 2026 to 17 November 2026 (give and take) found 3 November 2026
  • Roadworks Street works permit: MANWEB: Disconnection or alteration of supply, 19 October 2026 to 13 November 2026 (give and take) found 3 November 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • WA6 6PT: 30 addresses of 32 in the postcode
  • WA6 6PW: 18 addresses of 19 in the postcode
  • WA6 6PN: 1 address of 40 in the postcode

Nearby streets

London Road · Withy Close · Whitehall Place · Whitehall Place · Eddisbury Square · Red Lane · Kydds Wynt · The Rock Court · Church Street · Blue Hatch · Albert Row · Alvanley Terrace

All the streets in WA6 and across Cheshire West and Chester.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.