Springfield Road Luton

59 addresses across 2 postcodes (LU3), about 180 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 24001154.

  • Sales: 118 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £405,000 across 1 sale.
  • Energy: 45 homes have an energy certificate (C: 30, D: 15).
  • Flood: 27 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band B; Band D in Luton costs £2,440 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Leagrave, about 2.2 km (1.4 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden, Stony Hill, is about 450 m (0.3 miles) away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 10.0 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.4 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 112 to 115 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 2 of its 59 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Barton Hills Medical Group, about 1.2 km (0.7 miles) away, with 2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
  • People: About 650 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 65% of households owned their home and 34% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 78 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20251£405,000£405,000£405,000
20241£255,000£255,000£255,000
20232£282,500£270,000£295,000
20221£170,000£170,000£170,000
20216£225,500£210,000£310,000
20202£221,500£203,000£240,000
20184£189,500£151,500£230,000
20175£225,000£212,500£250,000
20165£215,000£130,000£255,000
20143£165,000£105,000£171,000
20134£150,000£134,000£165,000
20123£137,000£77,800£143,000
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 118)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
25 Nov 202540 LU3 2HFDetached£405,000
30 Sep 202425 LU3 2HFTerraced£150,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
14 Jun 202448 LU3 2HFTerraced£255,000
31 Jan 202350 LU3 2HFTerraced£270,000
13 Jan 202311 LU3 2HFTerraced£295,000
28 Nov 202213 LU3 2HFTerraced£170,000
16 Dec 20212 LU3 2HFSemi-detached£310,000
8 Dec 20211 LU3 2HFTerraced£230,000
25 Jun 202152 LU3 2HFTerraced£212,000
14 Jun 202145 LU3 2HFTerraced£225,000
30 Apr 202119 LU3 2HFFlat or maisonette£128,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
31 Mar 20213 LU3 2HFTerraced£226,000
8 Jan 202141 LU3 2HFTerraced£210,000
26 Jun 202010 LU3 2HFTerraced£203,000
24 Apr 202016 LU3 2HFTerraced£240,000
7 Nov 201851 LU3 2HFTerraced£125,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
5 Oct 201856 LU3 2HFTerraced£230,000
28 Sep 201846 LU3 2HFTerraced£170,000
31 Aug 201813 LU3 2HFTerraced£151,500
20 Jul 201833 LU3 2HFTerraced£175,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
25 Jun 20185 LU3 2HFTerraced£209,000
15 Sep 20172 LU3 2HFTerraced£250,000
22 Aug 20171A LU3 2HFTerraced£238,000
14 Jul 201712 LU3 2HFTerraced£225,000
2 Jun 201748 LU3 2HFTerraced£212,500
20 Jan 201750 LU3 2HFTerraced£215,000
18 Nov 201631 LU3 2HFFlat or maisonette£130,000Leasehold.
16 Sep 201638 LU3 2HFSemi-detached£255,000
26 Aug 201639 LU3 2HFTerraced£215,000
27 Jun 20168 LU3 2HFSemi-detached£240,000
22 Apr 20163 LU3 2HFTerraced£215,000
31 Oct 201419 LU3 2HFFlat or maisonette£105,000Leasehold.
19 Sep 201445 LU3 2HFTerraced£165,000
23 May 20142 LU3 2HFTerraced£171,000
16 Dec 201320 LU3 2HFTerraced£150,000
30 Aug 20133 LU3 2HFTerraced£150,000
21 Jun 201347 LU3 2HFTerraced£134,000
12 Apr 201326 LU3 2HFSemi-detached£165,000
21 Dec 201222 LU3 2HFTerraced£143,000
16 Nov 201249 LU3 2HFTerraced£137,000
12 Oct 201227 LU3 2HFFlat or maisonette£77,800Leasehold.
22 Oct 201056 LU3 2HFTerraced£154,500
1 Sep 20091 LU3 2HFTerraced£140,000
24 Aug 200938 LU3 2HFSemi-detached£162,000
25 Jan 200844 LU3 2HFTerraced£123,500
26 Sep 200720 LU3 2HFTerraced£157,000
29 Jun 200716 LU3 2HFTerraced£125,000
14 May 200713 LU3 2HFTerraced£120,000
23 Apr 200735 LU3 2HFSemi-detached£132,000
13 Apr 20073 LU3 2HFSemi-detached£155,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from April 2009 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

45 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 55 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (17); House, end-terrace (9); House, semi-detached (7). Built: 1983-1990 (26); 1976-1982 (14); 1991-1995 (3). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (22); rented (private) (19).

Council tax

What each band costs in Luton in 2026-27: Band D £2,440 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,627£1,898£2,169£2,440£2,982£3,524£4,067£4,880

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band B (47% of about 1,390 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 30 September 2026.

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 30 September 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 17 addresses are in areas at high risk, 10 at medium risk and 15 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
LU3 2HFnot in 2 or 3 7 / 2 / 9 unlikely
LU3 2HQnot in 2 or 3 10 / 8 / 6 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 59 addresses are between 112 m and 115 m above sea level (113 m on average).

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
LU3 2HF100%100%100%0%
LU3 2HQ100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsLeagrave 1.5 million journeys in 2024–252.2 km (1.4 miles)
Luton 3.7 million journeys in 2024–253.4 km (2.1 miles)
Luton Airport Parkway 4.7 million journeys in 2024–254.9 km (3 miles)
Bus stops7 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 35 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Enderby Road Barnfield200 m
Bus or coach stationLuton Station Interchange Luton Town Centre3.4 km (2.1 miles)
Car parks1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Parking available near Luton Airport600 m (0.4 miles)
EV charging points3 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Mer1 km (0.6 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsLondon Luton Airport LTN5.8 km (3.6 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Barton Hills Medical Group1.2 km (0.7 miles)
Pharmacies7 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Featherfield Pharmacy270 m
NHS dentists1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Bramingham Dental Clinic1.2 km (0.7 miles)
HospitalLuton And Dunstable University Hospital3.7 km (2.3 miles)
Police stationLuton North Police Station3 km (1.8 miles)
Cash machines3 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Morrisons Daily - Luton Cashzone270 m

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Stony Hill 2.0 ha450 m (0.3 miles)
Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles)Unnamed 3.6 ha790 m (0.5 miles)
Play area2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 760 m²740 m (0.5 miles)
Playing fieldUnnamed 8.9 ha830 m (0.5 miles)
Allotments1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 4.3 ha750 m (0.5 miles)

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 5 parks and gardens, 12 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Strip lynchets on Stopsley Common, a scheduled monument, 1.6 km (1 mile) south-east. 1 listed building is within 1 km (0.6 miles).

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Strip lynchets on Stopsley CommonScheduled monument1.6 km (1 mile) south-east
Dray's Ditches See also BEDFORDSHIRE 1Scheduled monument1.7 km (1.1 miles) north
Wardown ParkRegistered park or garden, Grade II2.1 km (1.3 miles) south
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Little Bramingham WoodWood1.3 km (0.8 miles) north-west
Warden HillHill1.5 km (0.9 miles) north-east
Valentine PondLake or reservoir1.6 km (1 mile) north-west
Bramingham WoodWood1.7 km (1 mile) north-west
Great Bramingham WoodWood1.8 km (1.1 miles) north-west
Smithcombe ValleyValley5 km (3.1 miles) north

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)10.04010
Fine particles (PM2.5)7.4205
Particles (PM10)11.94015

All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road, rail and aircraft noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailwaysAircraft
55 to 59200
Under 55575959

2 of the street's 59 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Luton: see them on the Luton page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 1 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Warden Hill Junior SchoolPrimary7–11280 m No overall grade (Jun 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good
Warden Hill Infant AcademyPrimary4–7390 m Requires improvement (May 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Icknield High SchoolSecondary11–16430 m (0.3 miles) Good (Feb 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Icknield Primary SchoolPrimary4–11660 m (0.4 miles) No published inspection
Grasmere Nursery SchoolNursery3–5750 m (0.5 miles) Good (Oct 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Bushmead Primary & Nursery SchoolPrimary2–111 km (0.6 miles) Good (May 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
William Austin Infant SchoolPrimary5–71.1 km (0.7 miles) No published inspection
Cardinal Newman Catholic School A Specialist Science College Roman CatholicSecondary11–181.1 km (0.7 miles) No published inspection
William Austin Junior SchoolPrimary7–111.1 km (0.7 miles) No published inspection
The Meads Primary SchoolPrimary4–111.2 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
Bramingham Primary SchoolPrimary4–111.3 km (0.8 miles) Good (Mar 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Luton Sixth Form College16 plus16–991.4 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 1 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Rowles House Care Home LU3 2BBHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises250 m5 Very good8 Jun 2026
Tai Pan LU3 2DQRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen270 mAwaiting inspection
Pauls Bakehouse LU3 2DQOther catering premises270 m5 Very good14 May 2025
Ashiyana Indian Luton Ltd LU3 2DQRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen270 m4 Good28 Jan 2026
Morrisons Daily LU3 2DQRetailers - other270 m4 Good7 Jul 2022
Velaa Store LU3 2DQRetailers - other270 m5 Very good29 Apr 2021
Featherfield Pharmacy LU3 2DQRetailers - other270 mExempt
Little Peoples Nursery LU3 2DNSchool/college/university370 m5 Very good4 Mar 2026
Warden Hill Junior School B'fast & After School Club LU3 2DNSchool/college/university370 m5 Very good26 Nov 2024
St Johns Church LU3 2DNOther catering premises370 m5 Very good21 Aug 2018
Warden Hill Infant Academy LU3 2DNSchool/college/university370 m5 Very good19 Nov 2025
Warden Hill Junior School-School Catering Support Ltd t/a Relish LU3 2DNSchool/college/university370 m5 Very good19 Nov 2025
St Johns Preschool LU3 2DNHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises370 m5 Very good30 Apr 2026
Barton Lodge LU3 2DNHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises390 m5 Very good14 May 2026

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

78 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences27
Anti-social behaviour14
Drugs9
Criminal damage and arson8
Burglary6
Vehicle crime5
Public order4
Other theft3
Robbery2

Most of these are attached to: On or near Wycliffe Close (31); On or near Dewsbury Road (18); On or near Glenfield Road (14); On or near Markfield Close (6); On or near Duncombe Close (5).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 2 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 654 residents in 255 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age4040
Children under 1518%17%
Aged 65 and over18%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)65%61%
Owned outright29%33%
Shared ownership0%1%
Social rented2%17%
Private rented33%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work63%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)5%6%
Retired (of adults)21%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)3%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)33%32%
Travel to work by car or van54%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tramunder 1%4%
By any public transport, including bus4%8%
On foot or by bicycle6%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)63%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away15%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)34%34%
No qualifications17%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification6%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)84%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all3%2%

Deprivation

The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 3 to 6 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • LU3 2HF: 58 addresses of 59 in the postcode
  • LU3 2HQ: 1 address of 56 in the postcode

Nearby streets

Glenfield Road · Wycliffe Close · Markfield Close · Enderby Road · Barton Road · Duncombe Close · Aydon Road · Catherall Road · Laburnum Grove · Winton Close · Halyard Close · Claydon Close

All the streets in LU3 and across Luton.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.