Stud Lane Birmingham
127 addresses across 6 postcodes (B33), about 470 m (0.3 miles) long, classed as a local road. USRN 2706412.
- Sales: 93 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £195,000 across 3 sales.
- Energy: 84 homes have an energy certificate (B: 1, C: 36, D: 34, E: 9, F: 4).
- Flood: 16 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band A; Band D in Birmingham costs £2,363 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Stechford, about 910 m (0.6 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden, Kingfisher, is about 610 m (0.4 miles) away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 14.4 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.9 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 110 to 114 m above sea level.
- Noise: 1 of its 127 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Church Lane - Khan, about 330 m away, with 5 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 1,180 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 46% of households owned their home and 21% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 91 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
Sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 3 | £195,000 | £163,000 | £213,000 |
| 2024 | 2 | £210,750 | £206,500 | £215,000 |
| 2023 | 1 | £110,000 | £110,000 | £110,000 |
| 2022 | 3 | £155,000 | £75,000 | £200,000 |
| 2021 | 1 | £218,000 | £218,000 | £218,000 |
| 2020 | 2 | £130,000 | £120,000 | £140,000 |
| 2019 | 3 | £132,000 | £126,000 | £178,000 |
| 2018 | 2 | £150,250 | £137,000 | £163,500 |
| 2017 | 2 | £133,500 | £132,000 | £135,000 |
| 2014 | 5 | £94,000 | £45,250 | £135,000 |
| 2013 | 1 | £81,000 | £81,000 | £81,000 |
| 2012 | 1 | £68,000 | £68,000 | £68,000 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 Aug 2025 | 103 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £163,000 | |
| 28 Jul 2025 | 95 B33 9HA | Terraced | £213,000 | |
| 17 Jan 2025 | 118 B33 9ET | Terraced | £195,000 | |
| 24 Jul 2024 | 17 B33 9EY | Terraced | £99,000 | Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 3 May 2024 | 111 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £215,000 | |
| 15 Mar 2024 | 125 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £206,500 | |
| 17 Jan 2023 | 51 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £110,000 | |
| 20 Jul 2022 | 88 B33 9ET | Semi-detached | £75,000 | |
| 20 May 2022 | 102 B33 9ET | Terraced | £155,000 | |
| 13 May 2022 | 83 B33 9EZ | Semi-detached | £200,000 | |
| 13 Aug 2021 | 9 B33 9EY | Terraced | £218,000 | |
| 22 Dec 2020 | 36 B33 9EX | Terraced | £140,000 | |
| 10 Jan 2020 | 9 B33 9EY | Terraced | £120,000 | |
| 10 Oct 2019 | 61 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £132,000 | |
| 6 Sep 2019 | 35 B33 9EY | Terraced | £126,000 | |
| 5 Jul 2019 | 129 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £178,000 | |
| 31 Oct 2018 | 110 B33 9ET | Terraced | £137,000 | |
| 29 Mar 2018 | 135 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £163,500 | |
| 18 Aug 2017 | 50 B33 9EX | Terraced | £135,000 | |
| 20 Jun 2017 | 97 B33 9HA | Terraced | £132,000 | |
| 4 Nov 2015 | 55 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £95,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 2 Apr 2015 | 110 B33 9ET | Terraced | £105,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 16 Dec 2014 | 81 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £98,000 | |
| 10 Dec 2014 | 21 B33 9EY | Terraced | £85,000 | |
| 18 Jul 2014 | 38 B33 9EX | Terraced | £94,000 | |
| 9 May 2014 | 133 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £135,000 | |
| 17 Jan 2014 | 20 B33 9EX | Flat or maisonette | £45,250 | Leasehold. |
| 12 Jul 2013 | 89 B33 9HA | Terraced | £81,000 | |
| 31 Aug 2012 | 52 B33 9EX | Terraced | £68,000 | |
| 8 Dec 2011 | 126 B33 9ET | Semi-detached | £70,000 | |
| 25 Nov 2011 | 90 B33 9ET | Terraced | £65,000 | |
| 7 Jan 2011 | 20 B33 9EX | Flat or maisonette | £50,000 | Leasehold. |
| 12 Oct 2010 | 75 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £99,000 | |
| 23 Mar 2010 | 116 B33 9ET | Semi-detached | £95,000 | |
| 26 Feb 2010 | 81 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £38,000 | |
| 29 Jan 2010 | 65 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £70,000 | |
| 20 Oct 2009 | 16 B33 9EX | Terraced | £60,000 | Leasehold. |
| 23 Sep 2009 | 61 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £85,000 | |
| 20 Mar 2008 | 121 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £117,000 | |
| 8 Feb 2008 | 133 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £136,000 | |
| 19 Sep 2007 | 59 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £98,000 | |
| 29 Jun 2007 | 5 B33 9EY | Terraced | £99,950 | |
| 22 Jun 2007 | 137 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £133,000 | |
| 1 Jun 2007 | 51 B33 9EZ | Terraced | £107,000 | |
| 5 Mar 2007 | 115 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £111,750 | |
| 8 Sep 2006 | 37 B33 9EY | Terraced | £100,000 | |
| 23 Aug 2006 | 29 B33 9EY | Semi-detached | £109,995 | |
| 14 Jul 2006 | 129 B33 9HA | Semi-detached | £126,000 | |
| 9 Jun 2006 | 107 B33 9HA | Terraced | £125,000 | |
| 23 Jan 2006 | 38 B33 9EX | Terraced | £53,000 |
Energy performance certificates
84 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 77 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (32); House, semi-detached (17); House, end-terrace (16). Built: 1950-1966 (34); 1930-1949 (27); 1967-1975 (18). Tenure at assessment: rented (social) (33); owner-occupied (27); rented (private) (15).
Each home's certificates and sales (38 addresses)
- 9, Stud Lane
- 12, Stud Lane
- 14, Stud Lane
- 18, Stud Lane
- 21, Stud Lane
- 24, Stud Lane
- 26, Stud Lane
- 33, Stud Lane
- 35, Stud Lane
- 36, Stud Lane
- 38, Stud Lane
- 51, Stud Lane
- 53, Stud Lane
- 54, Stud Lane
- 55, Stud Lane
- 57, Stud Lane
- 60, Stud Lane
- 61, Stud Lane
- 64a, Stud Lane
- 66, Stud Lane
- 75, Stud Lane
- 77, Stud Lane
- 78, Stud Lane
- 81, Stud Lane
- 83, Stud Lane
- 84, Stud Lane
- 90, Stud Lane
- 94, Stud Lane
- 97, Stud Lane
- 108, Stud Lane
- 113, Stud Lane
- 115, Stud Lane
- 120, Stud Lane
- 125, Stud Lane
- 129, Stud Lane
- 133, Stud Lane
- 135, Stud Lane
- 137, Stud Lane
Council tax
What each band costs in Birmingham in 2026-27: Band D £2,363 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,575 | £1,838 | £2,100 | £2,363 | £2,888 | £3,413 | £3,938 | £4,726 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band A (54% of about 560 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): CITY WIDE HMO.
- Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Green belt: no.
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- Beswick Grove, Glebe Farm & Tile Cross: up to 11 homes, not permissioned (360 m)
- Farmcote Road, Glebe Farm & Tile Cross: up to 10 homes, not permissioned (530 m (0.3 miles))
- 222 Yardley Fields Road, Land at side, Stechford, Birmingham, B33 8RA: up to 1 home, permissioned (670 m (0.4 miles))
- Rear of 113-119 Glebe Farm Road, Glebe Farm: up to 4 homes, not permissioned (730 m (0.5 miles))
- 103 - 107 Lea Hall Road, Land between, Stechford, Birmingham: up to 2 homes, permissioned (740 m (0.5 miles))
- Land Off Lea Hall Road, Rear Of 150-190, Stechford, Birmingham: up to 8 homes, permissioned (940 m (0.6 miles))
- Evergreen Care Home, 526 Church Road: up to 16 homes, permissioned (1 km (0.6 miles))
Roadworks
Started, not reported finished by 30 September 2026
- 9 September 2026: BIRMINGHAM CITY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway, carriageway (minor works)
Planned, as of 30 September 2026
- 5 November 2026 to 6 November 2026: BIRMINGHAM CITY COUNCIL, Works for road purposes, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (minor works)
- 25 November 2026 to 26 November 2026: BIRMINGHAM CITY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (minor works)
Finished in the last three months
- 25 September 2026: SEVERN TRENT WATER, Utility repair and maintenance works, give and take, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)
- 20 September 2026: SEVERN TRENT WATER, Utility repair and maintenance works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (immediate - urgent works)
- 2 August 2026 to 5 August 2026: BIRMINGHAM CITY COUNCIL, Highway improvement works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway (minor works)
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 12 addresses are in areas at high risk, 4 at medium risk and 21 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk | Groundwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| B33 9EX | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 2 | unlikely |
| B33 9ET | not in 2 or 3 | 6 / 1 / 4 | unlikely |
| B33 9HA | not in 2 or 3 | 5 / 1 / 12 | unlikely |
| B33 9EY | not in 2 or 3 | 1 / 1 / 0 | unlikely |
| B33 9EZ | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 1 / 1 | unlikely |
| B33 9ES | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 2 | unlikely |
Height above sea level
The street's 127 addresses are between 110 m and 114 m above sea level (112 m on average).
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B33 9ES | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| B33 9ET | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| B33 9EX | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| B33 9EY | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| B33 9EZ | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| B33 9HA | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Stechford 417,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 910 m (0.6 miles) |
| Lea Hall 443,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 940 m (0.6 miles) | |
| Marston Green 589,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 3.5 km (2.2 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 12 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 38 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Clinic Glebe Farm | 260 m |
| Bus or coach station | Birmingham Airport Bus Terminal | 5.7 km (3.5 miles) |
| Car parks | APH Birmingham Airport Parking | 2.5 km (1.5 miles) |
| EV charging points | bp Pulse | 1.8 km (1.1 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Birmingham Airport BHX | 4.9 km (3 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 5 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Church Lane - Khan | 330 m |
| Pharmacies | 8 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest G Goulding LTD | 330 m |
| NHS dentists | 5 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Glebe Farm Dental Care | 450 m (0.3 miles) |
| Hospital | Industrial Zone Former Yardley Green Hospital | 2.3 km (1.4 miles) |
| Police station | Stechford Police Station | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
| Cash machines | 3 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest CH Brown Cashzone | 410 m (0.3 miles) |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Kingfisher 287 ha | 610 m (0.4 miles) |
| Play area | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 450 m² | 770 m (0.5 miles) |
| Playing field | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 4.0 ha | 200 m |
| Allotments | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Station Road Allotments 7,000 m² | 730 m (0.5 miles) |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 1 park or garden, 287 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Kent's Moat, a scheduled monument, 1.4 km (0.8 miles) south-east.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Kent's Moat | Scheduled monument | 1.4 km (0.8 miles) south-east |
| Castle Bromwich Hall | Registered park or garden, Grade II* | 2.1 km (1.3 miles) north |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Kent's Moat | Lake or reservoir | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) south-east |
| York's Wood | Wood | 2.7 km (1.7 miles) east |
| Langley Hill Wood | Wood | 3.2 km (2 miles) north |
| Parkhill Wood | Wood | 3.7 km (2.3 miles) north-east |
| Alcott Wood | Wood | 3.7 km (2.3 miles) east |
| Smith's Wood | Wood | 3.8 km (2.4 miles) north-east |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 14.4 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 7.9 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 12.3 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road, rail and aircraft noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|---|
| 55 to 59 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 126 | 127 | 127 |
1 of the street's 127 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Birmingham: see them on the Birmingham page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audley Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 360 m | Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| The Oval School | Primary | 3–11 | 570 m (0.4 miles) | No published inspection |
| Lift Lea Forest | Primary | 3–11 | 810 m (0.5 miles) | Outstanding (Dec 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Colebourne Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | No published inspection |
| Corpus Christi Catholic Primary School Roman Catholic | Primary | 4–11 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | Report card (Mar 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met |
| Stechford Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) | No published inspection |
| Bordesley Green East Nursery School | Nursery | 2–5 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | No published inspection |
| St Cuthbert's RC Junior and Infant (NC) School Roman Catholic | Primary | 3–11 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | No published inspection |
| Gossey Lane Academy | Primary | 3–11 | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) | No overall grade (Jun 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Good |
| Washwood Heath Academy | All-through | 4–18 | 1.6 km (1 mile) | Good (Mar 2020, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Oasis Academy Blakenhale Infants | Primary | 2–7 | 1.6 km (1 mile) | No published inspection |
| Heathlands Primary Academy | Primary | 3–11 | 1.6 km (1 mile) | Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FITCAP CIO B33 9EX | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 160 m | 5 Very good | 10 Apr 2026 |
| South Birmingham Primary Care Trust B33 9DZ | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 300 m | 5 Very good | 16 Feb 2012 |
| Audley Primary School B33 9HY | School/college/university | 360 m | 5 Very good | 2 Dec 2025 |
| Double Save Supermarket B33 9HY | Retailers - other | 360 m | 4 Good | 23 Dec 2015 |
| Freshway Supermarket Ltd B33 9EJ | Retailers - other | 360 m | 3 Generally satisfactory | 18 Feb 2026 |
| Glebe Farm Post Office B33 9LZ | Retailers - other | 370 m | 5 Very good | 5 Feb 2003 |
| Lahore Qalanders Restaurant Ltd B33 9NY | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 390 m | Unknown | 8 Sep 2026 |
| Jet Stechford Service Station | Retailers - other | 400 m (0.2 miles) | 4 Good | 26 Jul 2016 |
| Coral Bookmakers B33 9LZ | Retailers - other | 420 m (0.3 miles) | Exempt | |
| Greggs B33 9LZ | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 420 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 14 Jan 2025 |
| Pape Supermarket B33 9LZ | Retailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets | 420 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 18 Jul 2020 |
| C H Brown & Son B33 9LZ | Retailers - other | 420 m (0.3 miles) | 4 Good | 6 Jan 2025 |
| Ilyas Convenience Store Ltd B33 9LZ | Retailers - other | 420 m (0.3 miles) | 1 Major improvement necessary | 10 Jun 2026 |
| China Express B33 9NY | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 420 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 19 Mar 2024 |
| One Stop B33 9NY | Retailers - other | 420 m (0.3 miles) | 4 Good | 26 Jun 2009 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 57 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 10 |
| Public order | 6 |
| Vehicle crime | 4 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 4 |
| Burglary | 3 |
| Possession of weapons | 2 |
| Other theft | 2 |
| Drugs | 1 |
| Other crime | 1 |
| Theft from the person | 1 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Church Lane (52); On or near Tanfield Road (18); On or near Rudyngfield Drive (11); On or near Kirkham Grove (6); On or near Stud Lane (3).
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 30 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 28% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 8% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 46% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 18% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | 0% | 1% |
| Social rented | 31% | 17% |
| Private rented | 23% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 52% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 12% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 12% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 7% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 13% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 60% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 3% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 17% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 7% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 84% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 3% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 21% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 30% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 4% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 85% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | 4% | 2% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 1 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
- B33 9EX: 33 addresses
- B33 9ET: 28 addresses
- B33 9HA: 28 addresses
- B33 9EY: 19 addresses
- B33 9EZ: 18 addresses
- B33 9ES: 1 address of 47 in the postcode
Nearby streets
Kirkham Grove · Tanfield Road · Church Lane · Station Road · Fellbrook Close · Rudyngfield Drive · Audley Road · Hill House Lane · Church Road · Audley Road · South Roundhay · North Roundhay
All the streets in B33 and across Birmingham.
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.