Tealing Drive Ewell

37 addresses across 3 postcodes (KT19), about 150 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 13900624.

  • Sales: 35 recorded sales since 1995; in 2026 the median was £545,000 across 2 sales.
  • Energy: 29 homes have an energy certificate (B: 1, C: 17, D: 6, E: 3, F: 2).
  • Flood: 11 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band E; Band D in Epsom and Ewell costs £2,531 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Tolworth, about 1.2 km (0.8 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 270 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 13.1 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 8.0 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: It is about 26 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 22 of its 37 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Shadbolt Park House Surg, about 1.4 km (0.8 miles) away.
  • People: About 760 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 74% of households owned their home and 38% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 67 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often vehicle crime.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20262£545,000£530,000£560,000
202511£297,500£240,000£745,000
20241£297,500£297,500£297,500
20232£552,500£475,000£630,000
20221£620,000£620,000£620,000
20201£410,000£410,000£410,000
20181£510,000£510,000£510,000
20161£460,000£460,000£460,000
20151£510,000£510,000£510,000
20121£305,000£305,000£305,000
20111£310,000£310,000£310,000
20101£265,000£265,000£265,000
Most recent sales (35)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
23 Mar 202636 KT19 0JSDetached£530,000
5 Jan 202641 KT19 0JSDetached£560,000
12 Dec 202539 KT19 0JSDetached£630,000
4 Nov 202534 KT19 0JSDetached£495,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
3 Oct 202517, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£252,500Leasehold.
17 Jul 20252, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£295,000Leasehold.
1 Jul 202538 KT19 0JSDetached£745,000
13 Jun 20251, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£297,500Leasehold.
30 May 202518, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£373,000Leasehold.
25 Apr 20253, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£365,000Leasehold.
25 Apr 20258, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£292,500Leasehold.
11 Apr 202512, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£370,000Leasehold.
9 Apr 202511, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£240,000Leasehold.
7 Apr 20255, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£257,000Leasehold.
20 Dec 20244, TEALING COURT KT19 0AGFlat or maisonette£297,500Leasehold.
19 Sep 202338 KT19 0JSDetached£475,000
13 Sep 202344 KT19 0JSDetached£630,000
30 Mar 202239 KT19 0JSDetached£620,000
24 Mar 202043 KT19 0JSDetached£410,000
18 May 201831 KT19 0JSSemi-detached£510,000
28 Oct 201636 KT19 0JSDetached£460,000
25 Nov 201545 KT19 0JSSemi-detached£510,000
24 Feb 201231 KT19 0JSSemi-detached£305,000
2 Dec 201137 KT19 0JSDetached£310,000
14 Jun 2010EDRIEN KT19 0JSSemi-detached£265,000
23 Jun 200845 KT19 0JSSemi-detached£310,000
2 Oct 200744 KT19 0JSDetached£315,000
31 Jul 200641 KT19 0JSDetached£275,000
15 Nov 200545 KT19 0JSSemi-detached£250,000
11 Apr 200540 KT19 0JSDetached£299,950
23 Nov 200141 KT19 0JSDetached£214,000
20 Oct 200139 KT19 0JSDetached£210,000
29 Jun 200136 KT19 0JSDetached£226,000
6 Jan 199938 KT19 0JSDetached£130,000
5 Jun 199740 KT19 0JSDetached£128,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from February 2010 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

29 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 61 m². Most common: Flat (19); Bungalow, detached (6); Bungalow, semi-detached (2). Built: 2024 (18); 1930-1949 (9); 1967-1975 (2). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (25).

Each home's certificates and sales (5 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in Epsom and Ewell in 2026-27: Band D £2,531 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,687£1,968£2,250£2,531£3,093£3,656£4,218£5,062

Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band E (45% of about 870 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10), for the neighbourhood (census area of about 700 homes) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 31 October 2026.

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 3 addresses are in areas at high risk, 8 at medium risk and 12 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
KT19 0AGnot in 2 or 3
KT19 0JSnot in 2 or 3 3 / 8 / 7 unlikely
KT19 0DJnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 5 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's addresses are about 26 m above sea level.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
KT19 0AG100%100%100%0%
KT19 0DJ100%100%100%0%
KT19 0JS100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsTolworth 576,000 journeys in 2024–251.2 km (0.8 miles)
Stoneleigh 807,000 journeys in 2024–251.4 km (0.9 miles)
Malden Manor 484,000 journeys in 2024–251.8 km (1.1 miles)
Bus stops4 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 22 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Ruxley Lane West Ewell100 m
Bus or coach stationCromwell Road Bus Station Kingston Upon Thames5.3 km (3.3 miles)
Ferry terminalKingston Town End Pier Kingston Upon Thames5 km (3.1 miles)
Car parksStone Place Car Park2 km (1.3 miles)
EV charging points44 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Salisbury Road350 m
Airport with scheduled flightsLondon Heathrow Airport LHR17.5 km (11 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries1 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Shadbolt Park House Surg1.4 km (0.8 miles)
Pharmacies2 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Ruxley Pharmacy150 m
NHS dentists3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Horton Dental Practice1.2 km (0.7 miles)
HospitalTolworth Hospital1.9 km (1.2 miles)
Police stationSurbiton Police Station2.5 km (1.5 miles)
Cash machines2 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest The Cooperative Food Ewell - Kingston Road Cashzone490 m (0.3 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 42 ha270 m
Play area3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 330 m²290 m
Playing field2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Wandgas Athletic Ground 2.9 ha610 m (0.4 miles)
AllotmentsBarn Elms Allotments 4,020 m²850 m (0.5 miles)

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 1 park or garden, 42 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Nonsuch Park, a registered park or garden (Grade II), 2.7 km (1.7 miles) south-east. 2 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Nonsuch ParkRegistered park or garden, Grade II2.7 km (1.7 miles) south-east
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Dancer Dick WoodWood660 m (0.4 miles) north-east
Butcher's GroveWood1.8 km (1.1 miles) south-west
Great WoodWood2 km (1.2 miles) south-west
Howell HillHill3.6 km (2.3 miles) south-east
Stamford PondLake or reservoir4 km (2.5 miles) south
Ravens AitIsland4.5 km (2.8 miles) north-west

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)13.14010
Fine particles (PM2.5)8.0205
Particles (PM10)12.34015

All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
70 to 74190
55 to 5930
Under 551537

22 of the street's 37 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Epsom and Ewell: see them on the Epsom and Ewell page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Riverview CofE Primary and Nursery School VA Church of EnglandPrimary3–11220 m Good (May 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
West Ewell Primary School and NurseryPrimary2–11650 m (0.4 miles) Good (Apr 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Epsom and Ewell High SchoolSecondary11–18770 m (0.5 miles) Report card (Mar 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Needs attention; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Needs attention; Personal development and wellbeing: Needs attention; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Needs attention; Post-16 provision: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
Cuddington Community Primary SchoolPrimary2–111 km (0.6 miles) No published inspection
The Mead Infant and Nursery SchoolPrimary3–71.1 km (0.7 miles) Report card (Jan 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
Auriol Junior SchoolPrimary7–111.1 km (0.7 miles) No published inspection
Knollmead Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.2 km (0.7 miles) No overall grade (Feb 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding
Danetree Primary SchoolPrimary2–111.4 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
Malden Parochial CofE Primary School Church of EnglandPrimary3–111.6 km (1 mile) Report card (Jul 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Strong standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
Richard Challoner School Roman CatholicSecondary11–181.8 km (1.1 miles) Outstanding (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework)
Our Lady Immaculate Catholic Primary School Roman CatholicPrimary4–112 km (1.2 miles) No published inspection

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
Dastaan KT19 0DBRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen120 m5 Very good31 Jul 2026
Smiths Newsagents KT19 0JARetailers - other140 m4 Good30 Oct 2017
Ruxley Pharmacy KT19 0JARetailers - other140 mExempt
Aspens Service @ Riverview C Of E Primary School And Nursery KT19 0JPSchool/college/university160 m5 Very good18 Nov 2025
Everlast Gyms Epsom KT19 0JBRetailers - other190 m4 Good20 Feb 2017
Curry Master KT19 0BTTakeaway/sandwich shop230 m4 Good28 Jan 2026
Hung Fung KT19 0BTTakeaway/sandwich shop230 m3 Generally satisfactory9 Feb 2026
Taste Of Germany KT19 0BTTakeaway/sandwich shop230 m4 Good19 Feb 2025
Micky Marzanos KT19 0BTRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen230 m5 Very good31 Oct 2025
Ewell Garden Cafe KT19 0BTRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen230 m5 Very good7 May 2025
Favorite Chicken Epsom Ltd KT19 0BTTakeaway/sandwich shop230 m5 Very good8 Oct 2025
Bay Leaves KT19 0DTRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen260 m5 Very good16 Apr 2025
Epsom & Ewell Express KT19 0DTRetailers - other260 m5 Very good22 May 2026
Cherry Tree Nursery And Pre-School KT4 7QPHospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises270 m5 Very good12 Jul 2026
Paya Ewell KT19 0BTRestaurant/Cafe/Canteen270 mAwaiting inspection

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

67 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Vehicle crime17
Violence and sexual offences16
Anti-social behaviour8
Criminal damage and arson7
Other theft6
Burglary6
Public order4
Other crime1
Drugs1
Bicycle theft1

Most of these are attached to: On or near Egmont Mews (15); On or near Kingston Road (13); On or near Pinewood Place (9); On or near Ruxley Lane (8); On or near Francis Close (6).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 2 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 758 residents in 288 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age4440
Children under 1516%17%
Aged 65 and over22%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)74%61%
Owned outright42%33%
Shared ownershipunder 1%1%
Social rentedunder 1%17%
Private rented24%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work60%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)5%6%
Retired (of adults)24%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)under 1%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)36%32%
Travel to work by car or van41%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tram6%4%
By any public transport, including bus11%8%
On foot or by bicycle7%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)70%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away2%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)38%34%
No qualifications16%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification5%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)80%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all5%2%

Deprivation

The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 8 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • KT19 0AG: 18 addresses of 21 in the postcode
  • KT19 0JS: 18 addresses of 19 in the postcode
  • KT19 0DJ: 1 address of 21 in the postcode

Nearby streets

Riverview Road · Egmont Mews · Francis Close · Kingston Road · Kingston Road · Percival Way · Kingston Road · Milbourne Place · Kingston Road · Pinewood Place · The Grange · Plantagenet Close

All the streets in KT19 and across Epsom and Ewell.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.