Treen Avenue Barnes, Richmond upon Thames
57 addresses across 3 postcodes (SW13), about 230 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 22405178.
- Sales: 99 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £926,000 across 4 sales.
- Energy: 46 homes have an energy certificate (C: 13, D: 31, E: 2).
- Flood: 48 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band F; Band D in Richmond upon Thames costs £2,486 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 96% to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Barnes Bridge, about 550 m (0.3 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden, Barnes Common, is about 240 m away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 16.7 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 8.5 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: It is about 6 m above sea level.
- Noise: 15 of its 57 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Essex House Surgery, about 650 m (0.4 miles) away, with 4 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 330 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 68% of households owned their home and 76% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 102 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often vehicle crime.
Sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 4 | £926,000 | £775,000 | £1,264,500 |
| 2024 | 4 | £887,500 | £790,000 | £1,050,000 |
| 2023 | 4 | £872,500 | £750,000 | £1,083,000 |
| 2022 | 13 | £900,000 | £770,000 | £1,200,000 |
| 2021 | 4 | £881,500 | £860,000 | £1,180,000 |
| 2020 | 6 | £867,500 | £617,000 | £905,000 |
| 2019 | 1 | £840,000 | £840,000 | £840,000 |
| 2018 | 3 | £920,000 | £835,000 | £980,000 |
| 2017 | 5 | £865,000 | £850,000 | £1,045,000 |
| 2016 | 1 | £925,000 | £925,000 | £925,000 |
| 2015 | 3 | £860,000 | £585,000 | £957,500 |
| 2014 | 1 | £810,000 | £810,000 | £810,000 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Oct 2025 | 62 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £1,264,500 | |
| 24 Jul 2025 | 18 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £972,000 | |
| 4 Jul 2025 | 70 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £775,000 | |
| 1 Jul 2025 | 42 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £880,000 | |
| 28 Nov 2024 | 44 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £825,000 | |
| 8 Nov 2024 | 17 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £790,000 | |
| 26 Jul 2024 | 36 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £1,050,000 | |
| 24 May 2024 | 16 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £950,000 | |
| 1 Dec 2023 | 58 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £780,000 | |
| 17 Nov 2023 | 12 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £1,083,000 | |
| 31 Aug 2023 | 36 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £965,000 | |
| 30 Jan 2023 | 60 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £750,000 | |
| 16 Dec 2022 | 1 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £799,950 | |
| 9 Dec 2022 | 14 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £950,000 | |
| 29 Sep 2022 | 27 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £1,200,000 | |
| 29 Sep 2022 | 56 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £870,000 | |
| 29 Jul 2022 | 10 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £975,000 | |
| 21 Jun 2022 | 38 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £920,000 | |
| 10 Jun 2022 | 32 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £1,071,000 | |
| 6 May 2022 | 40 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £900,000 | |
| 29 Apr 2022 | 18 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £810,000 | |
| 28 Apr 2022 | 34 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £900,000 | |
| 8 Apr 2022 | 62 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £780,000 | |
| 1 Apr 2022 | 76 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £770,000 | |
| 25 Mar 2022 | 74 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £800,000 | |
| 25 Mar 2022 | 78 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £775,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 5 Nov 2021 | 8 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £883,000 | |
| 28 Jun 2021 | 2 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £860,000 | |
| 18 Jun 2021 | 9 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £1,180,000 | |
| 18 Jan 2021 | 24 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £880,000 | |
| 22 Dec 2020 | 19 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £730,000 | |
| 15 Dec 2020 | 46 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £905,000 | |
| 2 Nov 2020 | 20 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £905,000 | |
| 20 Oct 2020 | 3A SW13 0JR | Flat or maisonette | £617,000 | Leasehold. |
| 14 Aug 2020 | 66 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £840,000 | |
| 12 Aug 2020 | 12 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £895,000 | |
| 18 Dec 2019 | 4 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £840,000 | |
| 25 Oct 2019 | 4 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £835,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 31 Aug 2018 | 32 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £980,000 | |
| 13 Jul 2018 | 21 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £835,000 | |
| 8 Feb 2018 | 14 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £920,000 | |
| 15 Nov 2017 | 11 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £850,000 | |
| 7 Jul 2017 | 25 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £875,000 | |
| 17 Feb 2017 | 36 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £865,000 | |
| 17 Jan 2017 | 27 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £1,045,000 | |
| 11 Jan 2017 | 30 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £855,000 | |
| 30 Mar 2016 | 46 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £925,000 | |
| 14 Oct 2015 | 3A SW13 0JR | Flat or maisonette | £585,000 | Leasehold. |
| 28 Aug 2015 | 9 SW13 0JR | Terraced | £957,500 | |
| 4 Feb 2015 | 54 SW13 0JT | Terraced | £860,000 |
Energy performance certificates
46 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 92 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (35); House, end-terrace (7); Flat (2). Built: 1900-1929 (27); before 1900 (11); 1930-1949 (7). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (24); rented (private) (17).
Each home's certificates and sales (21 addresses)
- 1, Treen Avenue
- 3a, Treen Avenue
- 4, Treen Avenue
- 10, Treen Avenue
- 11, Treen Avenue
- 14, Treen Avenue
- 21, Treen Avenue
- 24, Treen Avenue
- 25, Treen Avenue
- 26, Treen Avenue
- 30, Treen Avenue
- 32, Treen Avenue
- 34, Treen Avenue
- 38, Treen Avenue
- 40, Treen Avenue
- 42, Treen Avenue
- 46, Treen Avenue
- 54, Treen Avenue
- 64, Treen Avenue
- 66, Treen Avenue
- 74, Treen Avenue
Council tax
What each band costs in Richmond upon Thames in 2026-27: Band D £2,486 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,657 | £1,934 | £2,210 | £2,486 | £3,039 | £3,591 | £4,144 | £4,972 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band F (38% of about 790 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Green belt: no.
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- Barnes Hospital: up to 50 homes, not permissioned (360 m)
- Barnes Hospital: up to 50 homes, not permissioned (360 m)
- 179 Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen SW14 8DU: up to 5 homes, permissioned (660 m (0.4 miles))
- 67 - 69 Barnes High Street, Barnes: up to 7 homes, permissioned (750 m (0.5 miles))
- Telephone Exchange, Upper Richmond Road, East Sheen: up to 10 homes, not permissioned (800 m (0.5 miles))
- Telephone Exchange, Upper Richmond Road, East Sheen: up to 10 homes, not permissioned (800 m (0.5 miles))
- Garages North of 1 to 12 Theodore House and adjacent to 1 to 4, Aubyn Square: up to 12 homes, permissioned (1 km (0.6 miles))
- Garages And Land Adjacent Railway South Worple Way, East Sheen: up to 5 homes, permissioned (1 km (0.6 miles))
Roadworks
Started, not reported finished by 31 October 2026
- 7 September 2026 to 31 October 2026: LONDON BOROUGH OF RICHMOND UPON THAMES, Highway repair and maintenance works, no carriageway incursion, on the footway (major works)
Planned, as of 31 October 2026
- 7 September 2026 to 31 October 2026: LONDON BOROUGH OF RICHMOND UPON THAMES, Highway repair and maintenance works, no carriageway incursion, on the footway (major (paa) works)
Finished in the last three months
- 16 September 2026: LONDON BOROUGH OF RICHMOND UPON THAMES, Highway improvement works, some carriageway incursion, on the carriageway (immediate - urgent works)
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 0 addresses are in areas at high risk, 48 at medium risk and 27 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: of the 52 homes the Environment Agency counts, 0 are in areas at high risk, 0 medium, 0 low and 47 very low.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: at least one postcode centre is in flood zone 2. Zone 2 is between 0.1% and 1% a year from rivers (0.1% and 0.5% from the sea), ignoring defences.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk | Groundwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| SW13 0JT | zone 2 | 0 / 23 / 16 | unlikely |
| SW13 0JR | zone 2 | 0 / 10 / 3 | unlikely |
| SW13 0JP | zone 2 | 0 / 15 / 8 | unlikely |
Height above sea level
The street's addresses are about 6 m above sea level.
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SW13 0JP | 96% | 96% | 96% | 0% |
| SW13 0JR | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| SW13 0JT | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Barnes Bridge 872,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 550 m (0.3 miles) |
| Barnes 2.3 million journeys in 2024–25 | 630 m (0.4 miles) | |
| Mortlake 1.5 million journeys in 2024–25 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 8 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 34 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Priory Lane Barnes | 210 m |
| Bus or coach station | Cromwell Road Bus Station Kingston Upon Thames | 6.9 km (4.3 miles) |
| Ferry terminal | Putney Pier | 2.5 km (1.5 miles) |
| Car parks | Parkimo Parking Finder | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) |
| EV charging points | 53 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Shell Recharge | 40 m |
| Airport with scheduled flights | London Heathrow Airport LHR | 14.5 km (9 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 4 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Essex House Surgery | 650 m (0.4 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 9 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest R Walji Pharmacy | 430 m (0.3 miles) |
| NHS dentists | 4 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest The Practice At Mortlake | 530 m (0.3 miles) |
| Hospital | Barnes Hospital | 370 m |
| Police station | Metropolitan Police Service | 2 km (1.2 miles) |
| Cash machines | ATM | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Barnes Common 41 ha | 240 m |
| Play area | 5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 3,340 m² | 180 m |
| Playing field | 4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Vine Road Recreation Ground 2.3 ha | 310 m |
| Allotments | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Westfields Allotment 6,890 m² | 170 m |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 3 parks and gardens, 45 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Limes House and Forecourt Piers, a listed building (Grade II*), 570 m (0.4 miles) north-west. 34 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 4 of them Grade II*.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Limes House and Forecourt Piers | Listed building, Grade II* | 570 m (0.4 miles) north-west |
| 18, Station Road Sw13 | Listed building, Grade II* | 670 m (0.4 miles) north |
| Mausoleum of Sir Richard and Lady Burton, Churchyard of St Mary Magdalen | Listed building, Grade II* | 720 m (0.4 miles) west |
| Parish Church of St Mary | Listed building, Grade II* | 770 m (0.5 miles) west |
| Grove House | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) south |
| Landscaping to Alton West Estate | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.6 km (1 mile) south |
| Chiswick House | Scheduled monument | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) north |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | World Heritage Site | 3.4 km (2.1 miles) west |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Small Profits | Wetland | 1 km (0.6 miles) north |
| Adam's Pond | Lake or reservoir | 1.6 km (1 mile) south-west |
| Sheen Wood | Wood | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) south-west |
| Chiswick Eyot | Island | 2.3 km (1.4 miles) north |
| Silver Hill | Hill | 3.1 km (1.9 miles) south |
| Ham Bottom | Valley | 4.6 km (2.8 miles) south-west |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 16.7 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 8.5 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 13.5 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road, rail and aircraft noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|---|
| 65 to 69 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 60 to 64 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 55 to 59 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 42 | 57 | 57 |
15 of the street's 57 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Richmond upon Thames: see them on the Richmond upon Thames page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnes Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 170 m | Outstanding (Nov 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| East Sheen Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 390 m | Outstanding (Apr 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| St Mary Magdalen's Catholic Primary School Roman Catholic | Primary | 4–11 | 760 m (0.5 miles) | Good (Jun 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Lift Richmond Park | Secondary | 11–18 | 780 m (0.5 miles) | No published inspection |
| St Osmund's Catholic Primary School Roman Catholic | Primary | 4–11 | 890 m (0.6 miles) | No published inspection |
| Thomson House School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | No overall grade (Jul 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding |
| Sacred Heart Catholic Primary School, Roehampton Roman Catholic | Primary | 3–11 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | Good (May 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| The Alton School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.6 km (1 mile) | No published inspection |
| All Saints' CofE Primary School, Putney Church of England | Primary | 3–11 | 1.7 km (1 mile) | Good (Oct 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) |
| Cavendish Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.7 km (1 mile) | Report card (Nov 2025): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met |
| Eastwood Nursery School | Nursery | 2–5 | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) | No published inspection |
| Mosaic Jewish Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) | No overall grade (Jun 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good |
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KSN Off Licence & Grocery SW13 0JP | Retailers - other | 140 m | 4 Good | 30 Oct 2025 |
| White Hart Express SW13 0JP | Retailers - other | 140 m | 4 Good | 15 Oct 2025 |
| The Stags Head SW14 8TA | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 160 m | 2 Improvement necessary | 24 Mar 2025 |
| Cafe Loris SW13 0JP | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 170 m | 3 Generally satisfactory | 31 Mar 2025 |
| Twiko-Twiko SW13 0DP | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 180 m | 5 Very good | 8 May 2025 |
| The Brown Dog SW13 0AP | Pub/bar/nightclub | 200 m | 5 Very good | 4 Jun 2025 |
| My Sunshine Day Nursery & Pre-School SW13 0JL | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 200 m | 5 Very good | 9 Mar 2026 |
| Lyle House SW15 5LH | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 260 m | 5 Very good | 22 Aug 2024 |
| The Crossing SW13 0PW | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 290 m | 5 Very good | 14 Jul 2026 |
| iLocal SW13 0PZ | Retailers - other | 350 m | 5 Very good | 8 Oct 2025 |
| Lennox Community Club Room SW15 5LE | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 350 m | 5 Very good | 5 Apr 2024 |
| Omm Taste of Lebanon SW13 0PZ | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 360 m | 5 Very good | 14 Jul 2026 |
| Elysium Healthcare Ltd SW15 5LH | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 400 m (0.2 miles) | 5 Very good | 29 Aug 2025 |
| R Walji Chemist SW15 5RW | Retailers - other | 430 m (0.3 miles) | Exempt | |
| Rockingham Food & Wine SW15 5RW | Retailers - other | 430 m (0.3 miles) | 1 Major improvement necessary | 4 Jun 2026 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Vehicle crime | 33 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 18 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 10 |
| Other theft | 9 |
| Burglary | 8 |
| Public order | 7 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 6 |
| Drugs | 4 |
| Bicycle theft | 3 |
| Robbery | 3 |
| Shoplifting | 1 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Railway Side (25); On or near Rosslyn Avenue (19); On or near Priests Bridge (15); On or near Eleanor Grove (7); On or near Westfields Avenue (6).
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 40 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 23% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 15% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 68% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 33% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | 0% | 1% |
| Social rented | 0% | 17% |
| Private rented | 32% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 66% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 4% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 18% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 1% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 66% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 7% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 12% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 13% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 10% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 71% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 2% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 76% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 5% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 0% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 86% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | 2% | 2% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 9 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
- SW13 0JT: 41 addresses of 43 in the postcode
- SW13 0JR: 15 addresses
- SW13 0JP: 1 address of 30 in the postcode
Nearby streets
Priory Gardens · Rosslyn Avenue · Tudor Gardens · Charlesworth Place · Westwood Gardens · Eleanor Grove · Westwood Road · Leconfield Avenue · Woodlands Road · Railway Side · The Elms · Priests Bridge
All the streets in SW13 and across Richmond upon Thames.
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.