Willowtree Avenue Durham

130 addresses across 6 postcodes (DH1), about 760 m (0.5 miles) long, classed as a local road. USRN 11706206.

  • Sales: 101 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £202,500 across 6 sales.
  • Energy: 81 homes have an energy certificate (B: 17, C: 21, D: 33, E: 8, F: 2).
  • Flood: 15 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
  • Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band A; Band D in County Durham costs £2,622 a year in 2026-27.
  • Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 6% to 100% of premises.
  • Transport: The nearest railway station is Durham, about 2.4 km (1.5 miles) away in a straight line.
  • Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 380 m away.
  • Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 7.2 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 5.5 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
  • Height: Its addresses are 78 to 90 m above sea level.
  • Noise: 19 of its 130 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
  • Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Belmont & Sherburn Medical Group, about 1.2 km (0.7 miles) away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
  • People: About 1,220 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 82% of households owned their home and 44% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
  • Crime: 32 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.

Sales on this street

Source: HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, sales registered up to 28 August 2026, loaded 28 October 2026. Sales reach the register two weeks to two months after completion, so the last two months are incomplete. Matched by postcode and street name.

Sales by year (standard sales only; repossessions and buy-to-let transfers excluded)
YearSalesMedian priceLowestHighest
20256£202,500£185,000£300,000
20245£220,000£189,000£385,000
20231£165,000£165,000£165,000
20223£180,000£150,000£290,000
20212£209,870£153,000£266,740
20203£148,000£70,000£150,000
20194£197,750£155,000£267,000
20182£245,000£240,000£250,000
20173£147,000£130,000£295,000
20163£148,000£145,000£235,000
20155£159,950£85,000£242,550
20142£172,500£145,000£200,000
Most recent sales (latest 50 of 101)
DateAddressTypePriceNotes
25 Jun 202632 DH1 1EASemi-detached£210,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
7 Nov 20252 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£300,000
17 Oct 202550 DH1 1EASemi-detached£215,000
5 Sep 202576 DH1 1DZSemi-detached£187,500
18 Aug 20251 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£138,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
23 May 202540 DH1 1EASemi-detached£185,000
26 Mar 202538 DH1 1EASemi-detached£200,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
28 Feb 202529A DH1 1EATerraced£190,000
7 Feb 202527A DH1 1EASemi-detached£267,500
24 Oct 202411 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£220,000
24 Oct 20248 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£190,000Leasehold.
17 Jun 20243 DH1 1EBDetached£320,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
12 Jun 202449 DH1 1EADetached£367,500
25 Mar 202471 DH1 1DZDetached£385,000
6 Feb 202484 DH1 1DZSemi-detached£189,000
30 Jun 202313 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£165,000
12 Jun 202326 DH1 1EASemi-detached£175,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
17 Jun 202268 DH1 1DZSemi-detached£150,000Leasehold.
17 Jun 202268 DH1 1DZOther£150,000Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
10 Jun 202290 DH1 1DZSemi-detached£180,000
1 Jun 202267 DH1 1EASemi-detached£290,000Leasehold.
26 Jul 202127 DH1 1EAOther£20,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
25 May 202111 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£153,000
19 Feb 202153 DH1 1EADetached£266,740
3 Jul 20206 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£148,000
24 Jun 202050 DH1 1EASemi-detached£70,000Leasehold.
27 May 202054 DH1 1EADetached£150,000Leasehold.
5 Nov 20194 DH1 1EBDetached£222,500
19 Jul 201932 DH1 1EASemi-detached£173,000
19 Jun 201963 DH1 1EADetached£267,000
19 Jun 201965 DH1 1EASemi-detached£155,000
25 Jul 201867 DH1 1EASemi-detached£240,000Leasehold.
26 Feb 201862 DH1 1EADetached£250,000
7 Jul 201755 DH1 1EADetached£295,000
7 Jul 201741 DH1 1EASemi-detached£147,000Leasehold.
11 Apr 201767 DH1 1EASemi-detached£140,000Leasehold. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer).
23 Jan 201738 DH1 1EASemi-detached£130,000
20 Dec 201664 DH1 1EADetached£235,000
16 Dec 201668 DH1 1DZSemi-detached£145,000Leasehold.
25 Aug 201640 DH1 1EASemi-detached£148,000Leasehold.
4 Nov 201588 DH1 1DZSemi-detached£159,950
26 Oct 201551 DH1 1EADetached£242,550
30 Sep 201516 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£119,000
4 Sep 201521A DH1 1EAFlat or maisonette£85,000Leasehold.
14 Aug 20154 DH1 1EBDetached£213,000
19 Sep 201478 DH1 1DZSemi-detached£145,000
29 Aug 201458 DH1 1EADetached£200,000Leasehold.
6 Dec 20132 DH1 1EBSemi-detached£122,500
30 Oct 201343 DH1 1EASemi-detached£193,000Leasehold.
21 Jun 201345 DH1 1EADetached£185,000

Energy performance certificates

Source: Energy Performance of Buildings Register (MHCLG), register as at 1 November 2026. Latest certificate per address; certificates last ten years, so the oldest here dates from December 2009 and some homes have none. Address data © Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, shown for understanding the energy efficiency of buildings only.

81 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 108 m². Most common: House, detached (34); House, semi-detached (27); Bungalow, semi-detached (12). Built: 1967-1975 (38); 1950-1966 (21); 2015 (17). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (48); rented (private) (7).

Each home's certificates and sales (50 addresses)

Council tax

What each band costs in County Durham in 2026-27: Band D £2,622 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.

ABCDEFGH
£1,748£2,039£2,331£2,622£3,205£3,788£4,370£5,244

Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band A (48% of about 1,680 homes).

Sources: Valuation Office Agency, Council Tax: stock of properties, homes at 31 March 2026 (counts rounded to the nearest 10; some small counts withheld), for the 2 neighbourhoods (census areas of about 700 homes each) around it, not just this street; Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, council tax levels 2026-27. Bands are charged as fixed shares of Band D; the actual bill depends on the parish and on discounts such as the single-person discount. Check a home's own band with the official council tax band checker.

Planning and heritage

  • Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
  • Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
  • Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
  • Green belt: no.

Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)

Source: planning.data.gov.uk (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), compiled from councils and, for listed buildings, Historic England's National Heritage List. Conservation areas, Article 4 directions, tree preservation areas and the green belt are checked at each postcode's centre. Listed buildings and protected trees are counted on or by this street. Councils publish Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and brownfield registers to different standards, and some not yet. Planning applications are not here: there is no national open record of them yet.

Roadworks

Finished in the last three months

  • 9 September 2026 to 14 September 2026: NORTHERN POWERGRID (NORTHEAST) PLC, Utility asset works, some carriageway incursion, on the footway, carriageway (standard works)

Source: Department for Transport, Street Manager open data, permits and works up to 31 October 2026. It is published once a month, so works arranged or started since then are not shown, and dates are the ones planned unless the works have started or finished. Emergency works are often permitted after they begin.

Flood risk

Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 8 addresses are in areas at high risk, 7 at medium risk and 26 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.

Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.

High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.

Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.

PostcodePlanning zoneAddresses at high / medium / low riskGroundwater
DH1 1EAnot in 2 or 3 2 / 5 / 6 unlikely
DH1 1DZnot in 2 or 3 2 / 0 / 8 unlikely
DH1 1ENnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 0 unlikely
DH1 1EBnot in 2 or 3 3 / 0 / 2 unlikely
DH1 1PPnot in 2 or 3 1 / 2 / 5 unlikely
DH1 1HQnot in 2 or 3 0 / 0 / 5 unlikely

Sources: Environment Agency Flood risk: postcode search tool data (loaded 29 October 2026), Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: postcodes in areas at risk (loaded 29 October 2026) and Flood Map for Planning (loaded 28 October 2026). Flood zones are checked at each postcode's centre point. These are models of areas, which their publishers say are not suitable for showing whether an individual property is at risk, and they do not cover flooding from sewers or drains. Check an address on the official long-term flood risk service.

© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Some features are based on digital spatial data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, © NERC (CEH); the postcode data is produced in part from PAF® and Multiple Residence Data, © Royal Mail Group Limited.

Height above sea level

The street's 130 addresses are between 78 m and 90 m above sea level (84 m on average); the ground rises about 13 m from the lowest to the highest.

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Terrain 50, July 2026: the height of the ground on a 50 m grid, read at each address, in metres above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level at Newlyn). It is the lie of the land, not floor or threshold levels, and is accurate to a few metres. Being low-lying is not in itself a flood risk; the flood section above says what the flood maps show.

Broadband

Source: Ofcom Connected Nations, data as at January 2026. Percentages are of premises in each postcode that can get the service, not take-up or speed achieved.

Availability by postcode (% of premises)
PostcodeSuperfast (30 Mbit/s+)Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+)GigabitBelow 10 Mbit/s
DH1 1DZ100%100%100%0%
DH1 1EA100%50%50%0%
DH1 1EB100%6%6%0%
DH1 1EN100%100%100%0%
DH1 1HQ100%100%100%0%
DH1 1PP100%100%100%0%

Getting around

Sources: Department for Transport, NaPTAN (every public transport stop), as at 31 October 2026; Office of Rail and Road, Estimates of station usage 2024–25 (which stations are on the National Rail network, and their journeys: entries and exits in the year to March); OurAirports (public domain, kept by volunteers); car parks and charging points from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings from Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others: not an official register, so some will be missing, private or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street, not routes, and say nothing about how often anything runs. Stations opened since the end of ORR's year appear when ORR publishes the next one, each December; heritage railways are left out.

NearestDistance
Railway stationsDurham 2.8 million journeys in 2024–252.4 km (1.5 miles)
Chester-Le-Street 232,000 journeys in 2024–258 km (4.9 miles)
Seaham 165,000 journeys in 2024–2514.2 km (8.8 miles)
Bus stops8 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 22 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Willowtree Avenue Gilesgate Moor40 m
Bus or coach stationBus Station Stand L Durham2.5 km (1.5 miles)
Car parksBelmont Park and Ride1.7 km (1.1 miles)
EV charging points3 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest InstaVolt Charging Station720 m (0.4 miles)
Airport with scheduled flightsNewcastle International Airport NCL29.6 km (18 miles)

Local services

Sources: NHS Organisation Data Service, as at 31 October 2026: GP practices, community pharmacies and dental practices with an NHS contract, open now, each placed at the centre of its postcode; hospitals are NHS trust and Welsh health board sites named as hospitals, and may not have an emergency department. Police stations and cash machines from Overture Maps Foundation, release 2026-10-21.0, which gathers business listings: not an official register, so some will be missing or out of date. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street. Nothing here says whether a practice is taking new patients or a dentist new NHS patients.

NearestDistance
GP surgeries3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Belmont & Sherburn Medical Group1.2 km (0.7 miles)
Pharmacies6 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest M Whitfield Limited640 m (0.4 miles)
NHS dentists3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Mydentist St Andrews Park800 m (0.5 miles)
HospitalDurham Community Hospital3 km (1.9 miles)
Police stationSherburn Police Station900 m (0.6 miles)
Cash machines1 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest MFG - Dragonville, Gilegate Cashzone610 m (0.4 miles)

Parks and green space

Source: Ordnance Survey, OS Open Greenspace, April 2026: public parks and gardens, play spaces, playing fields and allotments, with their entrances. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to a site's nearest entrance (or its edge where none is recorded), not walking routes; sizes are the area OS maps for each site. Some sites, such as school playing fields, may not be open to the public.

NearestDistance
Park or garden2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 4,930 m²380 m
Play area5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 840 m²160 m
Playing fieldUnnamed 3.0 ha930 m (0.6 miles)
Allotments2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Belmont Allotments 9,200 m²280 m

Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 2 parks and gardens, 0.5 hectares in all.

Landmarks

The nearest historic landmark is Kepier Hospital, a scheduled monument, 1.1 km (0.7 miles) west. 2 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).

Historic places
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Kepier HospitalScheduled monument1.1 km (0.7 miles) west
Chapel of St Mary MagdaleneScheduled monument1.2 km (0.7 miles) south-west
Old Durham GardensRegistered park or garden, Grade II1.7 km (1 mile) south
Durham Castle and CathedralWorld Heritage Site2.3 km (1.5 miles) south-west
Battle of Neville's Cross 1346Registered battlefield3.7 km (2.3 miles) west
Natural landmarks within 5 km (3.1 miles)
NameWhat it isFrom the middle of the street
Kepier WoodWood1.2 km (0.8 miles) north
Frankland WoodWood1.3 km (0.8 miles) north
Pelaw WoodWood1.3 km (0.8 miles) south-west
Whinney HillHill2.1 km (1.3 miles) south-west
Mallygill TurnLake or reservoir2.5 km (1.5 miles) north-east
Black DeneValley4.7 km (2.9 miles) north-west

Sources: Historic England's registers through planning.data.gov.uk (MHCLG), and Cadw through DataMapWales (Welsh Government): World Heritage Sites within 10 km (6.2 miles), battlefields within 5 km (3.1 miles), registered parks and gardens within 3 km (1.9 miles), scheduled monuments within 2 km (1.2 miles), and Grade I and II* listed buildings within 1 km (0.6 miles). Ordnance Survey, OS Open Names, October 2026: named hills, valleys, lakes, woods, wetlands and coast (it has no rivers). Distances are in a straight line to the middle of each site, and being on a register does not mean there is public access.

Air quality

Source: Defra, modelled background air pollution, annual means for 2024, for the 1 km square that holds the middle of the street. These are background levels, away from the kerb: beside a busy road nitrogen dioxide in particular can be several times higher. UK limits are the legal annual limits for England and Wales; the World Health Organization's 2021 guidelines are much stricter, and most towns and cities are above them.

Annual means in µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic metre of air)
PollutantHereUK limitWHO guideline
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)7.24010
Fine particles (PM2.5)5.5205
Particles (PM10)9.54015

All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.

Road and rail noise

Source: Defra, strategic noise mapping Round 4 (England), modelled for 2021 and published in December 2023, and its airport maps of the same round for the fifteen largest English airports, published in April 2026: Lden, the average sound level over a whole day with extra weight for the evening and night, on a 10 m grid, read at each address. These are models of traffic, not measurements; they leave out smaller airports and airfields, industry and neighbours, and a room at the back of a house is often much quieter than the front. The World Health Organization's guidelines are 53 dB for road traffic, 54 dB for railways and 45 dB for aircraft (below the lowest level shown here).

Addresses by modelled noise level (Lden, dB)
LevelRoad trafficRailways
65 to 6910
55 to 59180
Under 55111130

19 of the street's 130 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.

Climate, daylight and earthquakes

Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for County Durham: see them on the County Durham page.

Nearest schools

Source: Get Information About Schools (Department for Education), 3 November 2026; Ofsted monthly management information as at September 2026. Distances are straight lines from the middle of the street to the school; catchments and admissions are not shown. Since November 2025 Ofsted gives report-card grades by area, not one overall grade; older grades stand until a school is re-inspected.

SchoolPhaseAgesDistanceInspection
Durham Gilesgate Primary SchoolPrimary2–11280 m Good (May 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
St Hild's College Church of England Primary School, DurhamPrimary2–11640 m (0.4 miles) No published inspection
St Joseph's Catholic Primary School, Gilesgate Roman CatholicPrimary3–11730 m (0.5 miles) No published inspection
Laurel Avenue Community Primary SchoolPrimary2–111.1 km (0.7 miles) Good (Feb 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)
Belmont Community SchoolSecondary11–161.3 km (0.8 miles) No published inspection
Belmont CofE (Controlled) Primary School Church of EnglandPrimary2–111.3 km (0.8 miles) Report card (Jan 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Expected standard; Attendance and behaviour: Strong standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met
St Thomas More Primary School, Belmont Roman CatholicPrimary3–111.6 km (1 mile) Good (Feb 2023, overall grade under the previous framework)
Durham Sixth Form Centre16 plus16–191.8 km (1.1 miles) No published inspection
Belmont Cheveley Park Primary SchoolPrimary3–111.8 km (1.1 miles) Good (Apr 2024, overall grade under the previous framework)

Food hygiene ratings nearby

Source: Food Standards Agency, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, extract of 3 November 2026. Each rating is shown with the date it was given; a business may have been re-inspected since the extract. Within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the middle of the street.

BusinessTypeDistanceRatingRated
J and L News DH1 1EARetailers - other210 m3 Generally satisfactory17 Apr 2025

Crime within 250 m

Source: data.police.uk street-level crime, September 2025 to August 2026. Police forces move every crime to the nearest of about 760,000 anonymised map points before publishing, so these are crimes near this street, not on it, and a busy point can collect crimes from a wider area. Counts are of records, not convictions.

32 recorded crimes by category
CategoryCrimes
Violence and sexual offences13
Anti-social behaviour6
Vehicle crime5
Criminal damage and arson4
Burglary2
Other theft2

Most of these are attached to: On or near Rowan Tree Avenue (9); On or near Conifer Close (8); On or near Beechcroft Close (7); On or near Hornbeam Close (4); On or near Fir Tree Close (2).

People and work

Source: ONS Census 2021, taken on 21 March 2021, for the 4 Output Areas (small census areas of about 125 households each) that this street's postcodes are in: 1,220 residents in 570 households. The census was taken during a lockdown, so working from home is high and travel to work low compared with now. ONS swaps a few records between neighbouring areas and adds small amounts of noise to counts to protect privacy, so small differences mean little. Industry is not published for areas this small.

Who lives here

Around this streetEngland
Median age4940
Children under 1513%17%
Aged 65 and over30%18%

Homes

Around this streetEngland
Owned (outright or with a mortgage)82%61%
Owned outright50%33%
Shared ownershipunder 1%1%
Social rented6%17%
Private rented12%21%

Work and commuting

Around this streetEngland
Adults (16 and over) in work51%57%
Unemployment (of those working or looking for work)2%6%
Retired (of adults)34%22%
Long-term sick or disabled (of adults)3%4%
Work mainly from home (of those in work)39%32%
Travel to work by car or van50%48%
By train, Underground, metro or tramunder 1%4%
By any public transport, including bus2%8%
On foot or by bicycle7%10%
Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work)54%65%
Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away5%8%

Education and languages

Around this streetEngland
Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults)44%34%
No qualifications16%18%
Apprenticeship as highest qualification6%5%
Main language English (aged 3 and over)95%91%
Cannot speak English well or at all1%2%

Deprivation

The 2 neighbourhoods around this street are in deciles 3 to 10 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.

Source: English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government), by LSOA (about 1,500 people), through the ONS Postcode Directory. The index combines income, employment, health, education, crime, housing and living environment; it ranks areas against each other and does not describe any one household. Ranks in England and Wales are worked out separately and cannot be compared.

What has changed

  • Roadworks Street works permit: BT: New service connection, 22 October 2026 to 26 October 2026 (some carriageway incursion) found 3 November 2026
  • Energy certificates New energy certificate: band C, house, semi-detached (lodged 28 October 2026) found 2 November 2026

Everything that has changed on and near this street

Postcodes on this street

Source: ONS Postcode Directory August 2026, ONS UPRN Directory September 2026, OS Open Linked Identifiers September 2026. A postcode can cover more than one street; the share shows how many of its addresses are on this one.

  • DH1 1EA: 56 addresses of 58 in the postcode
  • DH1 1DZ: 29 addresses of 30 in the postcode
  • DH1 1EN: 21 addresses of 45 in the postcode
  • DH1 1EB: 19 addresses of 20 in the postcode
  • DH1 1PP: 3 addresses of 46 in the postcode
  • DH1 1HQ: 2 addresses of 31 in the postcode

Nearby streets

Fir Tree Close · Belgravia House · Alder Lea Close · Poplar Drive · The Paddock · Rowan Tree Avenue · Hornbeam Close · Cypress Grove · Conifer Close · Beechcroft Close · Pilgrims' Way · Hartley Gardens

All the streets in DH1 and across County Durham.

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
  • What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
  • How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported.
  • Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
  • Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
  • How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
  • Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
  • How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.

How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.