Bunford Close Birmingham
6 addresses across 1 postcode (B31), about 40 m long. USRN 2753325.
- Sales: 7 recorded sales since 1995; in 2021 the median was £315,000 across 2 sales.
- Prices and rents: A typical home in Birmingham cost £234,867 in August 2026 (+1.5% on a year); private rents averaged £1,106 a month.
- Energy: 5 homes have an energy certificate (B: 5).
- Flood: No address on its postcodes is in an area at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Recorded floods: No recorded flood covers the centre of any of its postcodes.
- Storm overflows: 2 storm overflows within 1 km (0.6 miles) spilled 7 times (11 hours) in 2025.
- Radon: Up to 5 to 10% of homes in the 1 km squares around it are estimated to be at or above the radon Action Level.
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band A; Band D in Birmingham costs £2,363 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Northfield, about 3.1 km (1.9 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 400 m (0.2 miles) away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 10.0 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.2 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 168 to 170 m above sea level.
- Noise: 1 of its 6 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Jiggins Lane Medical Centre, about 690 m (0.4 miles) away, with 6 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 300 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 46% of households owned their home and 33% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 37 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
- Road safety: 1 collision in which someone was hurt was reported on and around it in 2021 to 2025.
£9.99 The Street Dossier Full Report for a home on Bunford Close: its own records, questions to ask the seller and everything on this page, in one PDF. Choose the home
House sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2 | £315,000 | £310,000 | £320,000 |
| 2019 | 1 | £210,000 | £210,000 | £210,000 |
| 2012 | 4 | £197,495 | £139,950 | £229,995 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Aug 2012 | 5 B31 1GB | Semi-detached | £139,950 | New build. |
| 31 May 2019 | 7 B31 1GB | Semi-detached | £210,000 | |
| 3 Aug 2012 | 7 B31 1GB | Semi-detached | £169,995 | New build. |
| 18 Feb 2021 | 9 B31 1GB | Detached | £310,000 | |
| 25 Oct 2012 | 9 B31 1GB | Detached | £224,995 | New build. |
| 22 Feb 2021 | 11 B31 1GB | Detached | £320,000 | |
| 2 Nov 2012 | 11 B31 1GB | Detached | £229,995 | New build. |
House prices and rents in Birmingham
A typical home in Birmingham cost £234,867 in August 2026, 1.5% more than a year before. That is 13% more than five years earlier and 47% more than ten years earlier.
| Home | Typical price, Aug 2026 |
|---|---|
| Detached | £444,169 |
| Semi-detached | £276,268 |
| Terraced | £223,462 |
| Flat or maisonette | £143,861 |
| Bought by a first-time buyer | £212,774 |
Private renters in Birmingham paid £1,106 a month on average in September 2026, 3.3% more than a year before. That is 36% more than five years earlier.
| Home | Average rent a month, Sep 2026 |
|---|---|
| One bedroom | £834 |
| Two bedrooms | £1,009 |
| Three bedrooms | £1,141 |
| Four or more bedrooms | £1,587 |
Energy performance certificates
5 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 114 m². Most common: House, detached (3); House, semi-detached (2). Built: 2011 (4); 2012 onwards (1). Tenure at assessment: rented (social) (1).
Each home's certificates and sales (5 addresses)
Gas and electricity use
Homes with gas used 9,532 kWh of it on average in 2024, 13% less than the district's 10,954 kWh, and 3,254 kWh of electricity, about the same as the district. There are gas meters for about 100% of the homes.
These are all the homes on the postcode, whatever their size and however many live in them, so they show the kind of homes and heating here rather than what any one home uses. The typical figure is the median: half the homes used less. The district is B31.
Council tax
What each band costs in Birmingham in 2026-27: Band D £2,363 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,575 | £1,838 | £2,100 | £2,363 | £2,888 | £3,413 | £3,938 | £4,726 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band A (53% of about 1,200 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): CITY WIDE HMO.
- Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Green belt: no.
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- LAND AT NEWMAN UNIVERSITY GENNERS LANE: up to 34 homes, permissioned (270 m)
- LAND AT NEWMAN UNIVERSITY GENNERS LANE: up to 44 homes, permissioned (280 m)
- Bartley Green Neighbourhood Office, Monmouth Road: up to 22 homes, permissioned (290 m)
- Newman University, Edgbaston Hall, Genners Lane, Bartley Green, Birmingham, B32 3NT, permissioned (460 m (0.3 miles))
Energy projects nearby
No wind turbine or waste plant within 5 km (3.1 miles), and no solar farm, battery site or other project of 1 MW or more within 2 km (1.2 miles), of the street's postcodes, operating or planned.
Roadworks
No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 31 October 2026.
Flood risk
No address in this street's postcodes is in an area at high, medium or low risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water. The rest are in areas at very low risk: less than a 0.1% (1 in 1,000) chance a year.
Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre is in flood zone 2 or 3.
Recorded floods
No recorded flood covers the centre of this street's postcodes.
Recorded floods are where floodwater was seen or surveyed after a flood. Many floods were never mapped, an outline over a postcode's centre does not mean every home in it flooded, and homes outside one may have. Ask the seller whether the home itself has flooded.
Coastal erosion
No projected coastal erosion zone is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Storm overflows
2 storm overflows within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes spilled 7 times, for 11 hours in all, in 2025. They discharge into Stonehouse Brook.
| Overflow | Into | Spills | Hours | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mill Lane Combined Sewer Overflow Severn Trent Water | Stonehouse Brook | 6 | 11 | 830 m (0.5 miles) |
| Middle Acre Combined Sewer Overflow Severn Trent Water | Stonehouse Brook | 1 | 0 | 940 m (0.6 miles) |
A storm overflow lets sewage diluted with rainwater into a river, stream or the sea when heavy rain overwhelms the sewers, so the spills here affect the water they run into, not homes. A spill is counted the regulators' way: a first 12 hours, then each 24 hours it goes on.
Coal mining
No postcode centre here is in a coalfield: the Mining Remediation Authority records no coal mining risk here.
Radon
The postcode is in a 1 km square with radon potential up to 5 to 10%: up to that share of homes there is estimated to be at or above the Action Level of 200 becquerels per cubic metre. At least part of the square is a radon Affected Area, where 1% or more of homes are.
Radon is a natural radioactive gas from the ground that can build up indoors; long exposure raises the risk of lung cancer. A three-month test with two small detectors is the only way to know a home's level, and a high level can usually be brought down with a sump or better ventilation. Homes built here in recent decades should have radon protection under the building regulations (basic protection from 3%, full protection from 10%). UKHSA sells a radon report for a single address from its detailed map at ukradon.org.
Historic landfill
No historic landfill site is within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Height above sea level
The street's 6 addresses are between 168 m and 170 m above sea level (169 m on average).
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B31 1GB | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Northfield 643,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 3.1 km (1.9 miles) |
| Selly Oak 2.3 million journeys in 2024–25 | 3.6 km (2.3 miles) | |
| University (Birmingham) 3.8 million journeys in 2024–25 | 4 km (2.5 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 11 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 39 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Senneley Mews Bangham Pit | 90 m |
| Bus or coach station | Halesowen Bus Station | 4.8 km (3 miles) |
| Car parks | Sainsbury's Northfield Car Park | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) |
| EV charging points | Gridserve Charging Station | 2.2 km (1.3 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Birmingham Airport BHX | 16.4 km (10 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 6 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Jiggins Lane Medical Centre | 690 m (0.4 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 8 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest G R Pharmacy | 380 m |
| NHS dentists | 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Jiggin Dental Surgery | 690 m (0.4 miles) |
| Hospital | Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Good Jan 2026 | 2.3 km (1.4 miles) |
| Care homes | 5 homes within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Oakview Care Home Requires improvement May 2024 | 850 m (0.5 miles) |
| Police station | Bournville Lane Police Station | 2.6 km (1.6 miles) |
| Cash machines | 1 machine within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Nisa Local | 700 m (0.4 miles) |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.8 ha | 400 m (0.2 miles) |
| Play area | 4 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 680 m² | 390 m |
| Playing field | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Senneleys Park 39 ha | 150 m |
| Allotments | Shenley Lane Allotments 6,110 m² | 810 m (0.5 miles) |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 2 parks and gardens, 1.8 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Weoley Castle, a scheduled monument, 1.6 km (1 mile) north-east.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Weoley Castle | Scheduled monument | 1.6 km (1 mile) north-east |
| Standing cross in St Leonards churchyard | Scheduled monument | 1.6 km (1 mile) south-west |
| Moated site of Frankley Hall | Scheduled monument | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) south-west |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Bartley Reservoir | Lake or reservoir | 770 m (0.5 miles) south-west |
| Bromwich Wood | Wood | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) south-west |
| Broadhidley Wood | Wood | 1.6 km (1 mile) north-west |
| Woodgate Valley | Valley | 1.7 km (1 mile) north |
| Frankley Lower Beeches | Wood | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) south-west |
| Egg Hill | Hill | 2.6 km (1.6 miles) south-west |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 10.0 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 7.2 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 11.1 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 60 to 64 | 1 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 5 | 6 |
1 of the street's 6 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Birmingham: see them on the Birmingham page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection | Exam results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Woodcock Hill Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 320 m | Good (Apr 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 45% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 0% at the higher standard (2025; 30% in 2024 and 57% in 2023) |
| Shenley Fields Nursery School | Nursery | 2–5 | 340 m | No published inspection | |
| E-ACT Shenley Academy | Secondary | 11–16 | 800 m (0.5 miles) | No overall grade (Jun 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Requires improvement; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Requires improvement | GCSE 2026 (provisional): Attainment 8 32.9 (31.6 in 2025 and 36.2 in 2024); 27.9% grade 5+ in English and maths |
| King Edward VI Five Ways School | Secondary | 11–18 | 810 m (0.5 miles) | Good (Nov 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | GCSE 2026 (provisional): Attainment 8 79.3 (75.9 in 2025 and 77.1 in 2024); 97.8% grade 5+ in English and maths A level 2025: average grade B+; 40.9% AAB or better; progress average |
| St Michael's Church of England Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 890 m (0.6 miles) | Good (Oct 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 46% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 2% at the higher standard (2025; 56% in 2024 and 45% in 2023) |
| St Peter's Catholic Primary School Roman Catholic | Primary | 4–11 | 900 m (0.6 miles) | Report card (Dec 2025): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Strong standard; Attendance and behaviour: Strong standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Strong standard; Inclusion: Strong standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Strong standard; Safeguarding standards: Met | 80% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 10% at the higher standard (2025; 87% in 2024 and 83% in 2023) |
| Bartley Green School | Secondary | 11–16 | 930 m (0.6 miles) | Good (Mar 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | GCSE 2026 (provisional): Attainment 8 37.1 (39.9 in 2025 and 38.2 in 2024); 34.1% grade 5+ in English and maths |
| Green Meadow Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | Good (Sep 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 68% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 5% at the higher standard (2025; 63% in 2024 and 53% in 2023) |
| Edith Cadbury Nursery School | Nursery | 2–5 | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) | Good (Feb 2020, overall grade under the previous framework) | |
| Princethorpe Infant School | Primary | 3–7 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | No overall grade (Feb 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding | None published |
| Princethorpe Junior School | Primary | 7–11 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 83% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 5% at the higher standard (2025; 71% in 2024 and 67% in 2023) |
| Nonsuch Primary School | Primary | 4–11 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | Report card (Jan 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Expected standard; Achievement: Needs attention; Attendance and behaviour: Expected standard; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Expected standard; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met | 52% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 10% at the higher standard (2025; 61% in 2024 and 67% in 2023) |
Exam results are from the Department for Education's school performance tables (Explore Education Statistics, Open Government Licence), for all pupils at each school. The middle school in England had 63% at the expected standard at the end of primary school (2025), Attainment 8 of 46.0 at GCSE (2026) and an A level average of C+ (2025). Attainment 8 adds up a pupil's grades in eight GCSEs, with English and maths counted twice (90 is the most), averaged over the school's pupils. Progress 8 compares pupils with others who had the same results at the end of primary school; it is not published for GCSEs in 2025 and 2026, as those pupils sat no primary tests during the pandemic. Small year groups swing from year to year, and figures for very small ones are withheld.
Nurseries and childcare
9 nurseries, pre-schools and clubs within 1.5 km (0.9 miles), the nearest 390 m from the middle of the street.
| Provider | Kind | Places | Latest inspection | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shenley Fields Nursery School B31 1BU | Full day care | 12 | Outstanding (Jul 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 390 m |
| Kiddies World Day Nursery/Kids Club Ltd B32 3JH | Full day care | 84 | Good (Aug 2025, overall grade under the previous framework) | 800 m (0.5 miles) |
| The Wasps B32 3QD | Out-of-school day care | 35 | May 2026: Expected standard in 4 areas | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
| Whipper Snappers Childcare @ St Francis B32 3RU | Full day care | 60 | Good (Jun 2021, overall grade under the previous framework) | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) |
| Whipper Snappers Pre-School B32 3PS | Sessional day care | 25 | Good (Sep 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) |
| Poppies Playhouse Day Nursery B29 4HH | Sessional day care | 95 | Good (Nov 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) |
| Shenley Out of School Club B29 4ED | Out-of-school day care | 65 | Not inspected yet | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) |
| Woodgate Buddy's B32 3PN | Out-of-school day care | 24 | Not inspected yet | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) |
| Kip McGrath Education Centre Bournville B29 5PT | Sessional day care (over fives) | Not inspected yet | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) |
Ofsted also registers 319 childminders and 119 home childcarers (nannies) in Birmingham. It does not publish their addresses, so they cannot be shown here; the council's family information service lists those taking children.
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northfield Local Authority B31 1BS | School/college/university | 310 m | 4 Good | 23 Jun 2026 |
| Sports Plus Scheme B31 1BS | Other catering premises | 310 m | Awaiting inspection | |
| Hillwood Market News B31 1DJ | Retailers - other | 380 m | 4 Good | 29 Jan 2018 |
| Hillwood off Licence and Convenience B31 1DJ | Retailers - other | 380 m | 5 Very good | 11 Nov 2025 |
| Hillwood Chippy B31 1DJ | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 380 m | 4 Good | 26 Aug 2026 |
| Bartley Sailing Club Ltd B32 3NU | Pub/bar/nightclub | 450 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 6 Dec 2022 |
| Tilleys Galley B32 3NU | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 450 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 11 Nov 2023 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 17 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 7 |
| Vehicle crime | 5 |
| Other theft | 2 |
| Burglary | 1 |
| Possession of weapons | 1 |
| Robbery | 1 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Drugs | 1 |
| Other crime | 1 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Bridgeburn Road (19); On or near Penrith Croft (8); On or near Bartley Mews (5); On or near Bunford Close (2); On or near Senneley Mews (2).
Road safety
1 collision in which someone was hurt was reported on and around the street in 2021 to 2025: 0 fatal, 0 serious and 1 slight. Most were on roads with a 30 mph limit.
| Year | Collisions | Fatal or serious |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 | 0 |
| 2022 | 0 | 0 |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 |
| 2024 | 0 | 0 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| Date | Severity | Who was hurt | Road | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 Mar 2021 14:05 | Slight | 1 person | Minor road, 30 mph | Daylight |
Only collisions in which someone was hurt and which the police were told about are here: damage-only collisions and near misses are not, and some injuries are never reported. Positions are recorded by the police, usually to within a few metres. Each year's figures are published the following September.
Traffic on nearby roads
No traffic count point is within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes. The Department for Transport counts every motorway and A road and only a sample of minor roads, so a quiet residential street usually has none.
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 36 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 22% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 15% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 46% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 22% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | under 1% | 1% |
| Social rented | 34% | 17% |
| Private rented | 19% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 55% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 7% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 20% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 10% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 23% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 55% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 2% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 16% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 3% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 66% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 6% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 33% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 24% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 4% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 91% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | 3% | 2% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 1 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
- B31 1GB: 6 addresses
Nearby streets
Senneley Mews · Penrith Croft · Bartley Mews · Della Drive · Kineton Croft · Bridgeburn Road · Moors Lane · Bartley Drive · Athol Close · Monmouth Road · Genners Lane · Cole Holloway
All the streets in B31 and across Birmingham.
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported; road collisions count only those in which someone was hurt and the police were told.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.