Ffordd Islwyn Bangor, Gwynedd
20 addresses across 3 postcodes (LL57), about 170 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 46400370.
- Sales: 13 recorded sales since 1995; in 2020 the median was £135,000 across 1 sale.
- Prices and rents: A typical home in Gwynedd cost £203,555 in August 2026 (+4.1% on a year); private rents averaged £728 a month.
- Energy: 13 homes have an energy certificate (C: 8, D: 3, E: 2).
- Flood: At least one postcode centre is in flood zone 3.
- Recorded floods: No recorded flood covers the centre of any of its postcodes.
- Coastal erosion: The nearest projected coastal erosion zone is 310 m from its postcodes.
- Radon: Up to 10 to 30% of homes in the 1 km squares around it are estimated to be at or above the radon Action Level.
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band D; Band D in Gwynedd costs £2,469 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Bangor (Gwynedd), about 1.3 km (0.8 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden, Tan-y-fynwent, is about 450 m (0.3 miles) away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 4.4 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 4.6 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 6 to 8 m above sea level.
- Noise: 12 of its 20 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Glanfa, about 160 m away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 380 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 46% of households owned their home and 34% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 141 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
- Road safety: 2 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around it in 2021 to 2025, 1 of them fatal or serious; 1 involved a pedestrian.
£9.99 The Street Dossier Full Report for a home on Ffordd Islwyn: its own records, questions to ask the seller and everything on this page, in one PDF. Choose the home
House sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 1 | £135,000 | £135,000 | £135,000 |
| 2019 | 1 | £140,000 | £140,000 | £140,000 |
| 2016 | 1 | £125,000 | £125,000 | £125,000 |
| 2015 | 1 | £131,000 | £131,000 | £131,000 |
| 2012 | 1 | £134,000 | £134,000 | £134,000 |
| 2008 | 2 | £146,750 | £145,000 | £148,500 |
| 2007 | 1 | £195,000 | £195,000 | £195,000 |
| 2006 | 1 | £67,500 | £67,500 | £67,500 |
| 2005 | 1 | £141,750 | £141,750 | £141,750 |
| 2004 | 1 | £115,000 | £115,000 | £115,000 |
| 1997 | 1 | £42,500 | £42,500 | £42,500 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Aug 2019 | 2 LL57 1AR | Semi-detached | £140,000 | |
| 3 Jun 2005 | 2 LL57 1AR | Semi-detached | £141,750 | |
| 22 May 2020 | 3 LL57 1AR | Semi-detached | £135,000 | |
| 21 Feb 2008 | 3 LL57 1AR | Semi-detached | £148,500 | |
| 27 Aug 2004 | 3 LL57 1AR | Semi-detached | £115,000 | |
| 9 Sep 2016 | 8 LL57 1AR | Terraced | £125,000 | |
| 10 May 2024 | 11 LL57 1AR | Terraced | £150,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 27 Apr 2007 | 11 LL57 1AR | Terraced | £195,000 | |
| 15 Jul 2015 | 12 LL57 1AR | Terraced | £131,000 | |
| 27 Jan 2012 | 12 LL57 1AR | Terraced | £134,000 | |
| 31 Dec 1997 | 14 LL57 1AR | Semi-detached | £42,500 | |
| 16 Jun 2006 | 15 LL57 1AR | Terraced | £67,500 | |
| 27 Jun 2008 | 18 LL57 1AR | Terraced | £145,000 |
House prices and rents in Gwynedd
A typical home in Gwynedd cost £203,555 in August 2026, 4.1% more than a year before. That is 14% more than five years earlier and 48% more than ten years earlier.
| Home | Typical price, Aug 2026 |
|---|---|
| Detached | £314,179 |
| Semi-detached | £209,372 |
| Terraced | £161,097 |
| Flat or maisonette | £114,576 |
| Bought by a first-time buyer | £176,395 |
Private renters in Gwynedd paid £728 a month on average in September 2026, 7.1% more than a year before. That is 31% more than five years earlier.
| Home | Average rent a month, Sep 2026 |
|---|---|
| One bedroom | £563 |
| Two bedrooms | £679 |
| Three bedrooms | £808 |
| Four or more bedrooms | £1,059 |
Energy performance certificates
13 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 68 m². Most common: House, mid-terrace (6); House, end-terrace (5); House, semi-detached (2). Built: 1930-1949 (11); 1950-1966 (2). Tenure at assessment: rented (social) (7); owner-occupied (4); rented (private) (2).
Each home's certificates and sales (13 addresses)
Gas and electricity use
Homes with gas used 9,519 kWh of it on average in 2024, 6% less than the district's 10,115 kWh, and 2,631 kWh of electricity, 19% less than the district's 3,259 kWh. There are gas meters for about 100% of the homes.
| Postcode | Electricity meters | Typical electricity | Gas meters | Typical gas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL57 1AR | 18 | 2,166 kWh | 17 | 8,613 kWh |
| LL57 1AN | 14 | 2,719 kWh | 14 | 9,653 kWh |
| LL57 1AP | 12 | 1,973 kWh | 13 | 6,656 kWh |
These are all the homes on each postcode, whatever their size and however many live in them, so they show the kind of homes and heating here rather than what any one home uses. The typical figure is the median: half the homes used less. The district is LL57.
Council tax
What each band costs in Gwynedd in 2026-27: Band D £2,469 a year on average, including the police and community council charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,646 | £1,920 | £2,194 | £2,469 | £3,017 | £3,566 | £4,115 | £4,938 | £5,760 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band D (28% of about 570 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and green belt: Wales has no national record of these; the council's planning department holds them.
Energy projects nearby
No wind turbine or waste plant within 5 km (3.1 miles), and no solar farm, battery site or other project of 1 MW or more within 2 km (1.2 miles), of the street's postcodes, operating or planned.
Roadworks
Street works permits come from the Department for Transport's Street Manager, which covers England only.
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: of the 50 address points in this street's postcodes, 7 at high risk, 3 at medium risk and 8 at low risk. Each counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: 7 at high risk, 3 at medium risk and 8 at low risk. Surface water and small watercourses alone: 0 at high risk, 0 at medium risk and 18 at low risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. The map allows for flood defences. Address points are every property record (UPRN) in the postcode, each counted if it is in an area or within 5 m of one (the maps stop at building walls); a few are not homes, such as garages, business units or caravan pitches. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: at least one postcode centre is in flood zone 3. Zone 3 is a 1% (1 in 100) or greater annual chance of flooding from rivers, or 0.5% from the sea, ignoring defences. Welsh zones include an allowance for climate change.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk |
|---|---|---|
| LL57 1AR | zone 3 | 7 / 3 / 6 |
| LL57 1AN | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 |
| LL57 1AP | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 2 |
Recorded floods
No recorded flood covers the centre of any of this street's postcodes.
Recorded floods are where floodwater was seen or surveyed after a flood. Many floods were never mapped, an outline over a postcode's centre does not mean every home in it flooded, and homes outside one may have. Ask the seller whether the home itself has flooded.
Coastal erosion
The nearest projected erosion zone is 310 m from the street's postcodes (by 2105, if defences are not maintained or built).
| Projection | Policy for the frontage | Erosion | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| By 2055, with the shoreline management plan carried out | Not given SMP21 (St Ann's Head to Great Orme Head) | up to 10 - 20 m | 490 m (0.3 miles) |
| By 2105, with the shoreline management plan carried out | Not given SMP21 (St Ann's Head to Great Orme Head) | up to 5 - 5 m | 330 m |
| By 2105, if defences are not maintained or built | No intervention SMP21 (St Ann's Head to Great Orme Head) | up to 20 - 40 m | 310 m |
Each shoreline management plan sets a policy for each stretch of coast: hold the line (keep defences where they are), managed realignment (let the shore move back in a controlled way), advance the line, or no active intervention. Erosion is the distance the shore may move back, counted from today, for the higher central climate change allowance. The maps are guidance from national modelling, not a survey of any one home; the council's coastal team can say more.
Storm overflows
No storm overflow outlet is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes in this record, which covers the overflows reported to the Environment Agency: most of Wales's are reported to Natural Resources Wales instead.
Coal mining
No postcode centre on the street is in a coalfield: the Mining Remediation Authority records no coal mining risk here.
Radon
The highest radon potential in the 1 km squares around the street's postcodes is 10 to 30%: up to that share of homes there is estimated to be at or above the Action Level of 200 becquerels per cubic metre. At least part of that area is a radon Affected Area, where 1% or more of homes are.
Radon is a natural radioactive gas from the ground that can build up indoors; long exposure raises the risk of lung cancer. A three-month test with two small detectors is the only way to know a home's level, and a high level can usually be brought down with a sump or better ventilation. Homes built here in recent decades should have radon protection under the building regulations (basic protection from 3%, full protection from 10%). UKHSA sells a radon report for a single address from its detailed map at ukradon.org.
Historic landfill
No historic landfill site is within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Height above sea level
The street's 20 addresses are between 6 m and 8 m above sea level (7 m on average).
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL57 1AN | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| LL57 1AP | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| LL57 1AR | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Bangor (Gwynedd) 720,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) |
| Llanfairpwll 39,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 5.9 km (3.6 miles) | |
| Llanfairfechan 38,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 9.8 km (6.1 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 15 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 25 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Nantygro Hirael | 110 m |
| Bus or coach station | Bangor Bus Station Stand F | 420 m (0.3 miles) |
| Car parks | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Beach Road East Car Park | 390 m |
| EV charging points | 1 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest MFG Charging Station | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Liverpool John Lennon Airport LPL | 85.7 km (53 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Glanfa | 160 m |
| Pharmacies | 3 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Rowlands Pharmacy | 240 m |
| NHS dentists | 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Elmhurst Dental Surgery | 110 m |
| Hospital | Ysbyty Gwynedd | 3.5 km (2.2 miles) |
| Police station | North Wales Police, Bangor | 560 m (0.3 miles) |
| Cash machines | 2 machines within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Kwik Save Store Cashzone | 360 m |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Tan-y-fynwent 3,260 m² | 450 m (0.3 miles) |
| Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles) | Gerddi Pen y Bryn 1.6 ha | 630 m (0.4 miles) |
| Play area | 5 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 430 m² | 60 m |
| Playing field | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 5,700 m² | 50 m |
| Allotments | Unnamed 3,900 m² | 860 m (0.5 miles) |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 5 parks and gardens, 2.4 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Pier Camp, a scheduled monument, 380 m north-west. 181 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 2 of them Grade I and 4 of them Grade II*.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Pier Camp | Scheduled monument | 380 m north-west |
| Bangor University Main Arts (formerly University College of North Wales main building) | Listed building, Grade I | 520 m (0.3 miles) south-west |
| Terraced Walls and Gated Entrance to the University College of North Wales Main Building | Listed building, Grade II* | 580 m (0.4 miles) south-west |
| Bangor Pier | Listed building, Grade II* | 630 m (0.4 miles) north |
| Cathedral church of St Deiniol | Listed building, Grade I | 640 m (0.4 miles) south-west |
| Cegin Viaduct (Penrhyn Railroad) | Scheduled monument | 930 m (0.6 miles) east |
| Plas Rhianfa | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.6 km (1 mile) north-west |
| Penrhyn Castle | Registered park or garden, Grade II* | 2 km (1.3 miles) east |
| The Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd - Beaumaris Castle | World Heritage Site | 4.3 km (2.7 miles) north-east |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Penrhyn Arms Wood | Wood | 450 m (0.3 miles) south-east |
| Garth Point | Wetland | 600 m (0.4 miles) north |
| Cegin Pool | Lake or reservoir | 880 m (0.5 miles) east |
| Bryniau | Hill | 1.6 km (1 mile) south |
| Ynys y Big | Island | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) west |
| Cwm Cadnant | Valley | 2.6 km (1.6 miles) west |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 4.4 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 4.6 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 7.4 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within both the UK limits and the WHO guidelines.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 60 to 64 | 2 | 0 |
| 55 to 59 | 10 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 8 | 20 |
12 of the street's 20 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Gwynedd: see them on the Gwynedd page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection | Exam results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ysgol Hirael Welsh medium | Primary | 3–11 | 90 m | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Ysgol Glancegin Welsh medium | Primary | 3–11 | 750 m (0.5 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Ysgol Ein Harglwyddes Roman Catholic Welsh and English | Primary | 3–11 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Ysgol Tryfan Welsh medium | Secondary | 11–19 | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
Exam results are from the Department for Education's school performance tables (Explore Education Statistics, Open Government Licence), for all pupils at each school. The middle school in England had 63% at the expected standard at the end of primary school (2025), Attainment 8 of 46.0 at GCSE (2026) and an A level average of C+ (2025). Attainment 8 adds up a pupil's grades in eight GCSEs, with English and maths counted twice (90 is the most), averaged over the school's pupils. Progress 8 compares pupils with others who had the same results at the end of primary school; it is not published for GCSEs in 2025 and 2026, as those pupils sat no primary tests during the pandemic. Small year groups swing from year to year, and figures for very small ones are withheld. Wales publishes no school results tables.
Nurseries and childcare
Ofsted registers childcare in England only. In Wales, nurseries, playgroups and childminders are registered and inspected by Care Inspectorate Wales, whose directory of services lists them with their reports.
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ysgol Hirael LL57 1BA | School/college/university | 90 m | 5 Very good | 17 Jun 2026 |
| Cylch Meithrin Caban Hirael LL57 1BA | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 90 m | 5 Very good | 21 Jun 2024 |
| Baytree Lodge LL57 2RT | Hotel/bed & breakfast/guest house | 110 m | 5 Very good | 23 Aug 2024 |
| St Mary'S Hostel(North Wales Housing) LL57 2TE | Hotel/bed & breakfast/guest house | 170 m | Exempt | |
| Tafarn Y Garth LL57 2SW | Pub/bar/nightclub | 230 m | 5 Very good | 9 Jun 2026 |
| Penny on the move LL57 1AB | Retailers - other | 250 m | 5 Very good | 14 Nov 2025 |
| Mostyn Arms LL57 1BH | Pub/bar/nightclub | 280 m | 5 Very good | 12 Jul 2023 |
| Sbeis@347 LL57 1YH | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 310 m | 4 Good | 20 Mar 2026 |
| Doast LL57 2SE | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 310 m | 5 Very good | 8 Oct 2026 |
| Teras LL57 2DF | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 320 m | 5 Very good | 5 Sep 2024 |
| Valla'S LL57 1YA | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 320 m | 5 Very good | 16 Sep 2026 |
| Bangor Tandoori LL57 1YT | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 320 m | 5 Very good | 8 Sep 2025 |
| Templetons LL57 1YE | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 320 m | 5 Very good | 10 Feb 2026 |
| Happy House Takeaway LL57 1YE | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 320 m | 5 Very good | 7 Sep 2026 |
| AL-BARAKA FOODS LTD LL57 1YE | Retailers - other | 320 m | 3 Generally satisfactory | 5 Jun 2025 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 55 |
| Public order | 18 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 16 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 15 |
| Vehicle crime | 12 |
| Burglary | 9 |
| Other theft | 6 |
| Drugs | 5 |
| Other crime | 3 |
| Bicycle theft | 1 |
| Shoplifting | 1 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Seiriol Road (28); On or near Yllaethdy (23); On or near Ffordd Islwyn (13); On or near Maeshyfryd (11); On or near Garth Road (11).
Road safety
2 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around the street in 2021 to 2025: 0 fatal, 1 serious and 1 slight, in which 1 person was seriously hurt. 1 involved a pedestrian; 1 involved a motorcyclist. 50% happened in the dark, and 50% on a wet or icy road. Most were on roads with a 30 mph limit.
| Year | Collisions | Fatal or serious |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 |
| 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| Date | Severity | Who was hurt | Road | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Dec 2024 17:00 | Slight | 1 person: 1 pedestrian | Minor road, 20 mph | Dark, street lights off, wet road |
| 24 May 2022 06:00 | Serious | 1 person: 1 motorcyclist | A5, 30 mph | Daylight |
Only collisions in which someone was hurt and which the police were told about are here: damage-only collisions and near misses are not, and some injuries are never reported. Positions are recorded by the police, usually to within a few metres. Each year's figures are published the following September.
Traffic on nearby roads
No traffic count point is within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes. The Department for Transport counts every motorway and A road and only a sample of minor roads, so a quiet residential street usually has none.
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 25 | 43 |
| Children under 15 | 9% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 13% | 21% |
Homes
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 46% | 66% |
| Owned outright | 28% | 38% |
| Shared ownership | under 1% | under 1% |
| Social rented | 18% | 17% |
| Private rented | 35% | 17% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 40% | 54% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 15% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 14% | 25% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 2% | 6% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 18% | 26% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 47% | 61% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 2% | under 1% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 11% | 3% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 22% | 8% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 61% | 60% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 13% | 10% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 34% | 32% |
| No qualifications | 11% | 20% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 6% | 6% |
| Main language English or Welsh (aged 3 and over) | 89% | 97% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | under 1% | under 1% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 8 of 10 on the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of Wales's 1,917 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
- LL57 1AR: 18 addresses
- LL57 1AN: 1 address of 17 in the postcode
- LL57 1AP: 1 address of 15 in the postcode
Nearby streets
Lon y Brodyn · Glynne Road · Ffordd Ceiriog · Ffordd Tegid · Rhodfar Brodyr · Maeshyfryd · Rhodfa Mair · Rhodfar Brodyr · Lon Totton · Seiriol Terrace · Ffordd Garth · Friars Avenue
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported; road collisions count only those in which someone was hurt and the police were told.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.