Maerdy Close Maes-glas, Newport
17 addresses across 1 postcode (NP20), about 70 m long. USRN 27104520.
- Prices and rents: A typical home in Newport cost £225,702 in August 2026 (-0.1% on a year); private rents averaged £962 a month.
- Energy: 16 homes have an energy certificate (C: 15, D: 1).
- Flood: At least one postcode centre is in flood zone 2.
- Recorded floods: No recorded flood covers the centre of any of its postcodes.
- Landfill: 4 historic landfill sites within 500 m (0.3 miles) of its postcodes; the nearest, Alexandra Dock Junction, is 350 m away.
- Radon: Up to 5 to 10% of homes in the 1 km squares around it are estimated to be at or above the radon Action Level.
- Energy projects: 4 renewable energy projects nearby are planned or being built; the nearest, Docks Way Disposal Site, Docks Way - Battery Energy Storage System, is 850 m (0.5 miles) away.
- Traffic: The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles), the Minor road, carries 10,102 motor vehicles a day on average (2025).
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band B; Band D in Newport costs £2,088 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Newport (South Wales), about 2.2 km (1.3 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 380 m away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 10.2 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 5.9 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 11 to 13 m above sea level.
- Noise: 1 of its 17 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Bellevue Surgery, about 1.3 km (0.8 miles) away, with 2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 270 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 32% of households owned their home and 10% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 226 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
- Road safety: 5 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around it in 2021 to 2025, 2 of them fatal or serious; 2 involved a pedestrian.
£9.99 The Street Dossier Full Report for a home on Maerdy Close: its own records, questions to ask the seller and everything on this page, in one PDF. Choose the home
House sales on this street
No sales recorded on this street since January 1995 under this street name.
House prices and rents in Newport
A typical home in Newport cost £225,702 in August 2026, 0.1% less than a year before. That is 17% more than five years earlier and 60% more than ten years earlier.
| Home | Typical price, Aug 2026 |
|---|---|
| Detached | £391,756 |
| Semi-detached | £243,529 |
| Terraced | £187,741 |
| Flat or maisonette | £114,399 |
| Bought by a first-time buyer | £195,764 |
Private renters in Newport paid £962 a month on average in September 2026, 2.9% more than a year before. That is 48% more than five years earlier.
| Home | Average rent a month, Sep 2026 |
|---|---|
| One bedroom | £700 |
| Two bedrooms | £865 |
| Three bedrooms | £967 |
| Four or more bedrooms | £1,365 |
Energy performance certificates
16 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 57 m². Most common: Flat (16). Built: 1983-1990 (10); 1976-1982 (3); 1991-1995 (2). Tenure at assessment: rented (social) (10).
Each home's certificates and sales (16 addresses)
Gas and electricity use
Homes with gas used 4,250 kWh of it on average in 2024, 58% less than the district's 10,119 kWh, and 1,417 kWh of electricity, 52% less than the district's 2,950 kWh. There are gas meters for about 94% of the homes.
These are all the homes on the postcode, whatever their size and however many live in them, so they show the kind of homes and heating here rather than what any one home uses. The typical figure is the median: half the homes used less. The district is NP20.
Council tax
What each band costs in Newport in 2026-27: Band D £2,088 a year on average, including the police and community council charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,392 | £1,624 | £1,856 | £2,088 | £2,553 | £3,017 | £3,481 | £4,177 | £4,873 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band B (42% of about 710 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and green belt: Wales has no national record of these; the council's planning department holds them.
Energy projects nearby
9 energy projects near the street's postcodes, 4 of them not yet operating.
| Project | Kind | Size | Stage | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Docks Way Disposal Site, Docks Way - Battery Energy Storage System Newport 25/0991 | Battery storage | 1 MW | Permission granted, not yet built Feb 2026 | 850 m (0.5 miles) |
| Docks Way - Solar Panels Newport 23/0989 | Solar farm | 1 MW | Permission granted, not yet built Aug 2024 | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
| Docksway Landfill Scheme Newport 99/0337 | Landfill Gas | 2 MW | Operational Mar 2000 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) |
| Docks Way Solar Farm Newport 21/0346 | Solar farm | 2.4 MW | Permission granted, not yet built Dec 2021 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) |
| ANP Newport Wind Turbine Newport 15/0839 | Wind 2 turbines, 126 m tall | 2.3 MW | Operational Aug 2016 | 3.1 km (2 miles) |
| Solutia UK Ltd Newport 08/1412 | Wind 2 turbines | 5 MW | Operational Dec 2009 | 3.5 km (2.2 miles) |
| Liberty Steel Power Station Newport 16/0096 | Biomass | 9 MW | Operational Jan 2017 | 3.6 km (2.3 miles) |
| Nash Waste Water Treatment Works Turbine Newport 11/1287 | Wind 1 turbine | 2.5 MW | Operational Mar 2017 | 4.3 km (2.7 miles) |
| Leeway Industrial Estate - Biomass boiler Newport 21/0261 | Biomass | 0.5 MW | Permission granted, not yet built May 2021 | 4.4 km (2.8 miles) |
Planned projects can change or not go ahead; search the planning authority's applications by the reference shown for the plans, conditions and any objections. Construction brings traffic for some months; once built, solar farms and batteries are usually quiet, while turbines and waste plants can be seen or heard further away.
Roadworks
Street works permits come from the Department for Transport's Street Manager, which covers England only.
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: of the 17 address points in this street's postcodes, 0 at high risk, 0 at medium risk and 5 at low risk. Each counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: none is in an area at risk. Surface water and small watercourses alone: 0 at high risk, 0 at medium risk and 5 at low risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. The map allows for flood defences. Address points are every property record (UPRN) in the postcode, each counted if it is in an area or within 5 m of one (the maps stop at building walls); a few are not homes, such as garages, business units or caravan pitches. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: the postcode centre is in flood zone 2. Zone 2 is between 0.1% and 1% a year from rivers (0.1% and 0.5% from the sea), ignoring defences. Welsh zones include an allowance for climate change.
Recorded floods
No recorded flood covers the centre of this street's postcodes.
Recorded floods are where floodwater was seen or surveyed after a flood. Many floods were never mapped, an outline over a postcode's centre does not mean every home in it flooded, and homes outside one may have. Ask the seller whether the home itself has flooded.
Coastal erosion
No projected coastal erosion zone is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Storm overflows
No storm overflow outlet is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes in this record, which covers the overflows reported to the Environment Agency: most of Wales's are reported to Natural Resources Wales instead.
Coal mining
No postcode centre here is in a coalfield: the Mining Remediation Authority records no coal mining risk here.
Radon
The postcode is in a 1 km square with radon potential up to 5 to 10%: up to that share of homes there is estimated to be at or above the Action Level of 200 becquerels per cubic metre. At least part of the square is a radon Affected Area, where 1% or more of homes are.
Radon is a natural radioactive gas from the ground that can build up indoors; long exposure raises the risk of lung cancer. A three-month test with two small detectors is the only way to know a home's level, and a high level can usually be brought down with a sump or better ventilation. Homes built here in recent decades should have radon protection under the building regulations (basic protection from 3%, full protection from 10%). UKHSA sells a radon report for a single address from its detailed map at ukradon.org.
Historic landfill
4 historic landfill sites are within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes, the nearest 350 m away.
| Site | Waste went in | Waste | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandra Dock Junction Newport, Gwent | Not recorded | Not recorded | 350 m |
| Land at Newport Sidings Maesglas, Newport | Not recorded | Not recorded | 450 m (0.3 miles) |
| Maesglas Sidings South Maesglas Retail Park, Maesglas | Not recorded | Inert, industrial | 460 m (0.3 miles) |
| Level of Mendalgief Maesglas | from 1976 | Inert | 460 m (0.3 miles) |
Closed tips can give off gas (methane and carbon dioxide) and leak into the ground for years. An environmental search, which conveyancers usually order, looks at landfill and contaminated land around the home; the council keeps a register of land it has found to be contaminated.
Height above sea level
The street's 17 addresses are between 11 m and 13 m above sea level (12 m on average).
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP20 3BH | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Newport (South Wales) 2.8 million journeys in 2024–25 | 2.2 km (1.3 miles) |
| Pye Corner 125,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 2.3 km (1.4 miles) | |
| Rogerstone 87,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 4.6 km (2.9 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 12 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 37 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Maes-glas Shops Maesglas | 90 m |
| Bus or coach station | Friars Walk 1 Newport | 2.3 km (1.4 miles) |
| Ferry terminal | Newport (S Wales) Ferry Terminal | 2.6 km (1.6 miles) |
| Car parks | Asda Newport Pencarn Car Park | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) |
| EV charging points | 7 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Connected Kerb Charging Stations | 20 m |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Bristol Airport BRS | 29.4 km (18 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Bellevue Surgery | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 5 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Tesco Instore Pharmacy | 310 m |
| NHS dentists | 1 practice within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Cardiff Road Dental Practice | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) |
| Hospital | Royal Gwent Hospital | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) |
| Police station | Newport Central Police Station | 1.8 km (1.1 miles) |
| Cash machines | 1 machine within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Tesco Bank ATM | 320 m |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 5.2 ha | 380 m |
| Play area | 6 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 450 m² | 350 m |
| Playing field | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Tredegar Park Sports Ground 21 ha | 610 m (0.4 miles) |
| Allotments | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 3,010 m² | 370 m |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 2 parks and gardens, 5.5 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Castell Glas Castle Mound, a scheduled monument, 550 m (0.3 miles) south-east. 5 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles), 1 of them Grade II*.
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Castell Glas Castle Mound | Scheduled monument | 550 m (0.3 miles) south-east |
| Former Inmos Microprocessor Factory | Listed building, Grade II* | 870 m (0.5 miles) south-west |
| Nos 15 and 17 Stow Park Circle | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) north |
| Tredegar Fort | Scheduled monument | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) north-west |
| Bellevue Park | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) north-east |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Rabbit Hill Community Woodland | Wood | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) south |
| Tredegar Pill | Tidal water | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) south-east |
| North Dock | Lake or reservoir | 1.8 km (1.1 miles) east |
| Crow Point | Wetland | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) east |
| Queen's Hill | Hill | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) north |
| Cwm Cefnllogell | Valley | 2.9 km (1.8 miles) west |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 10.2 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 5.9 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 9.6 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 55 to 59 | 1 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 16 | 17 |
1 of the street's 17 addresses is modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Newport: see them on the Newport page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection | Exam results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maesglas Primary & Nursery English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 370 m | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| St. Davids Primary Roman Catholic English medium | Primary | 4–11 | 580 m (0.4 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Gaer Primary School English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 740 m (0.5 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Tredegar Park Primary English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 870 m (0.5 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Pillgwenlly Primary School English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Ysgol Gyfun Gwent Is Coed Welsh medium | Secondary | 11–19 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| St Michael's RC Primary School Roman Catholic English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| The John Frost School English medium | Secondary | 11–19 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Ysgol Gymraeg Nant Gwenlli Welsh medium | Primary | 3–7 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Clytha Primary School English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 1.6 km (1 mile) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| Glasllwch Primary School English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| St Joseph's RC High School Roman Catholic English medium | Secondary | 11–19 | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
Exam results are from the Department for Education's school performance tables (Explore Education Statistics, Open Government Licence), for all pupils at each school. The middle school in England had 63% at the expected standard at the end of primary school (2025), Attainment 8 of 46.0 at GCSE (2026) and an A level average of C+ (2025). Attainment 8 adds up a pupil's grades in eight GCSEs, with English and maths counted twice (90 is the most), averaged over the school's pupils. Progress 8 compares pupils with others who had the same results at the end of primary school; it is not published for GCSEs in 2025 and 2026, as those pupils sat no primary tests during the pandemic. Small year groups swing from year to year, and figures for very small ones are withheld. Wales publishes no school results tables.
Nurseries and childcare
Ofsted registers childcare in England only. In Wales, nurseries, playgroups and childminders are registered and inspected by Care Inspectorate Wales, whose directory of services lists them with their reports.
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flying Start Seren Fach Playgroup NP20 3XT | Hospitals/Childcare/Caring Premises | 20 m | Exempt | |
| Lidl NP20 3BP | Retailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets | 60 m | 5 Very good | 7 May 2026 |
| Star Chippy NP20 3BP | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 60 m | Awaiting inspection | |
| Flames Grill & Pizza NP20 3BP | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 70 m | 2 Improvement necessary | 8 Mar 2026 |
| Spar NP20 3BP | Retailers - other | 70 m | 5 Very good | 20 Dec 2013 |
| A J S Stores NP20 3BP | Retailers - other | 70 m | 5 Very good | 9 Oct 2014 |
| Wai Wai Takeaway NP20 3BP | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 80 m | 4 Good | 1 Jul 2026 |
| Sheppards Fish Bar NP20 3AG | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 150 m | 3 Generally satisfactory | 18 Mar 2026 |
| Heron Foods NP20 3AG | Retailers - other | 210 m | 5 Very good | 17 Jun 2025 |
| Subway NP20 3AE | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 290 m | 5 Very good | 19 Mar 2026 |
| Oodles Wok NP20 3AE | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 290 m | 4 Good | 8 Mar 2026 |
| McDonalds NP20 3BA | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 300 m | 5 Very good | 28 May 2025 |
| Tesco Family Dining NP20 3BA | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 300 m | 5 Very good | 28 May 2025 |
| Tesco NP20 3BA | Retailers - supermarkets/hypermarkets | 300 m | 4 Good | 30 Jan 2025 |
| Yo! To Go! @ Tesco NP20 3BA | Takeaway/sandwich shop | 300 m | 5 Very good | 9 Apr 2026 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 74 |
| Public order | 27 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 27 |
| Shoplifting | 25 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 22 |
| Other crime | 15 |
| Burglary | 11 |
| Other theft | 8 |
| Drugs | 6 |
| Vehicle crime | 5 |
| Robbery | 3 |
| Bicycle theft | 2 |
| Theft from the person | 1 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Buxton Close (81); On or near Old Cardiff Road (62); On or near Cefn Adda Court (38); On or near Bideford Road (26); On or near Maesglas Avenue (18).
Road safety
5 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around the street in 2021 to 2025: 1 fatal, 1 serious and 3 slight, in which 1 person died and 1 person was seriously hurt. 2 involved a pedestrian; 2 involved a motorcyclist. 20% happened in the dark. Most were on roads with a 30 mph limit.
| Year | Collisions | Fatal or serious |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 | 0 |
| 2022 | 3 | 2 |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 |
| 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| Date | Severity | Who was hurt | Road | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Aug 2024 15:35 | Slight | 1 person | B4237, 30 mph | Daylight |
| 9 Oct 2022 12:30 | Serious | 2 people: 2 pedestrians | B4237, 30 mph | Daylight |
| 5 Apr 2022 16:58 | Slight | 1 person: 1 motorcyclist | B4237, 30 mph | Daylight |
| 2 Feb 2022 21:05 | Fatal | 2 people: 1 motorcyclist | B4237, 30 mph | Dark, street lights on |
| 28 Mar 2021 12:16 | Slight | 1 person: 1 pedestrian | B4237, 40 mph | Daylight |
Only collisions in which someone was hurt and which the police were told about are here: damage-only collisions and near misses are not, and some injuries are never reported. Positions are recorded by the police, usually to within a few metres. Each year's figures are published the following September.
Traffic on nearby roads
The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles) is the Minor road, with 10,102 motor vehicles a day on average in 2025, 400 m (0.2 miles) from the street's postcodes.
| Road | Between | Vehicles a day | Lorries | Ten years before | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minor road | Not recorded | 10,102 counted 2025 | 0% | 400 m (0.2 miles) |
Each figure is the annual average daily flow: the motor vehicles passing the count point, both ways, on an average day of the year. A point is counted by hand on a weekday every few years and estimated from the trend on similar roads in between. Lorries are heavy goods vehicles, as a share of all motor vehicles.
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 35 | 43 |
| Children under 15 | 24% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 15% | 21% |
Homes
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 32% | 66% |
| Owned outright | 16% | 38% |
| Shared ownership | 0% | under 1% |
| Social rented | 61% | 17% |
| Private rented | 6% | 17% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 48% | 54% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 9% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 16% | 25% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 12% | 6% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 9% | 26% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 66% | 61% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 1% | under 1% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 6% | 3% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 16% | 8% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 62% | 60% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 8% | 10% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 10% | 32% |
| No qualifications | 39% | 20% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 5% | 6% |
| Main language English or Welsh (aged 3 and over) | 89% | 97% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | 3% | under 1% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 1 of 10 on the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of Wales's 1,917 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Postcodes on this street
- NP20 3BH: 17 addresses
Nearby streets
Buxton Close · Maesglas Avenue · Cefn Adda Court · Old Cardiff Road · Cefn Adda Close · Winchester Close · Bideford Road · Park Drive · Maesglas Street · Bideford Close · St Davids Crescent · Gaer Vale
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported; road collisions count only those in which someone was hurt and the police were told.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.