Nordean Road Arnold, Gedling
13 addresses across 2 postcodes (NG5), about 80 m long, classed as a local road. USRN 15015188.
- Prices and rents: A typical home in Gedling cost £245,028 in August 2026 (+2.1% on a year); private rents averaged £909 a month.
- Energy: 10 homes have an energy certificate (C: 5, D: 5).
- Flood: No address on its postcodes is in an area at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Recorded floods: No recorded flood covers the centre of any of its postcodes.
- Coal mining: It is in a coalfield, in a low risk area.
- Traffic: The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles), the B684, carries 18,840 motor vehicles a day on average (2025).
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band D; Band D in Gedling costs £2,610 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Carlton, about 4 km (2.5 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden is about 560 m (0.3 miles) away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 10.9 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 7.5 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 83 to 87 m above sea level.
- Noise: 11 of its 13 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Plains View Surgery, about 590 m (0.4 miles) away, with 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 630 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 86% of households owned their home and 36% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Crime: 20 crimes were recorded within 250 m between September 2025 and August 2026, most often violence and sexual offences.
- Road safety: 2 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around it in 2021 to 2025.
£9.99 The Street Dossier Full Report for a home on Nordean Road: its own records, questions to ask the seller and everything on this page, in one PDF. Choose the home
House sales on this street
No sales recorded on this street since January 1995 under this street name.
House prices and rents in Gedling
A typical home in Gedling cost £245,028 in August 2026, 2.1% more than a year before. That is 17% more than five years earlier and 57% more than ten years earlier.
| Home | Typical price, Aug 2026 |
|---|---|
| Detached | £363,530 |
| Semi-detached | £235,102 |
| Terraced | £180,046 |
| Flat or maisonette | £115,200 |
| Bought by a first-time buyer | £209,898 |
Private renters in Gedling paid £909 a month on average in September 2026, 3.6% more than a year before. That is 33% more than five years earlier.
| Home | Average rent a month, Sep 2026 |
|---|---|
| One bedroom | £633 |
| Two bedrooms | £799 |
| Three bedrooms | £985 |
| Four or more bedrooms | £1,404 |
Energy performance certificates
10 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 49 m². Most common: Flat (10). Built: 1967-1975 (9); 1976-1982 (1). Tenure at assessment: rented (private) (7); owner-occupied (2).
Each home's certificates and sales (10 addresses)
- 1 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 1a Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 2 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 3 NORDEAN COURT, NORDEAN ROAD, WOODTHORPE
- 4 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 5 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 6 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 7 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 8 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
- 9 Nordean Court, Somersby Road
Gas and electricity use
Homes with gas used 11,162 kWh of it on average in 2024, about the same as the district, and 2,272 kWh of electricity, 25% less than the district's 3,015 kWh. There are gas meters for about 95% of the homes.
| Postcode | Electricity meters | Typical electricity | Gas meters | Typical gas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NG5 4LS | 9 5 Economy 7 | 1,455 kWh | 8 | 5,009 kWh |
| NG5 4NE | 12 | 2,387 kWh | 12 | 10,891 kWh |
These are all the homes on each postcode, whatever their size and however many live in them, so they show the kind of homes and heating here rather than what any one home uses. The typical figure is the median: half the homes used less. The district is NG5.
Council tax
What each band costs in Gedling in 2026-27: Band D £2,610 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,740 | £2,030 | £2,320 | £2,610 | £3,189 | £3,769 | £4,349 | £5,219 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band D (50% of about 700 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Green belt: no.
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- Derwent Crescent, Derwent Crescent, Arnold: up to 16 homes, not permissioned (530 m (0.3 miles))
- Derwent Crescent, Derwent Crescent, Arnold: up to 16 homes, not permissioned (530 m (0.3 miles))
Energy projects nearby
1 energy project near the street's postcodes.
| Project | Kind | Size | Stage | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dorket Head Gedling 2003/2727 | Landfill Gas | 2.8 MW | Operational Feb 2005 | 3.3 km (2 miles) |
Planned projects can change or not go ahead; search the planning authority's applications by the reference shown for the plans, conditions and any objections. Construction brings traffic for some months; once built, solar farms and batteries are usually quiet, while turbines and waste plants can be seen or heard further away.
Roadworks
No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 31 October 2026.
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 0 addresses are in areas at high risk, 0 at medium risk and 9 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk | Groundwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| NG5 4LS | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 8 | unlikely |
| NG5 4NE | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 1 | unlikely |
Recorded floods
No recorded flood covers the centre of any of this street's postcodes.
Recorded floods are where floodwater was seen or surveyed after a flood. Many floods were never mapped, an outline over a postcode's centre does not mean every home in it flooded, and homes outside one may have. Ask the seller whether the home itself has flooded.
Coastal erosion
No projected coastal erosion zone is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Storm overflows
No storm overflow outlet is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Coal mining
2 of the street's 2 postcodes are in a coalfield, in a low risk area: coal was mined in the area, but no workings shallow enough to matter for building are recorded.
Conveyancers usually still order a coal mining search (CON29M) for a home in a coalfield.
Radon
Every 1 km square the street's postcodes are in is in the lowest band of radon potential: fewer than 1 home in 100 is estimated to be at or above the Action Level. It is not a radon Affected Area.
Historic landfill
No historic landfill site is within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Height above sea level
The street's 13 addresses are between 83 m and 87 m above sea level (84 m on average).
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NG5 4LS | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| NG5 4NE | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Carlton 53,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 4 km (2.5 miles) |
| Netherfield 10,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 4.3 km (2.6 miles) | |
| Bulwell 72,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 5.2 km (3.3 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 9 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 42 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Nordean Road Woodthorpe | 10 m |
| Bus or coach station | Victoria Bus Station Nottingham | 4.1 km (2.5 miles) |
| Car parks | St Albans Road Car Park | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) |
| EV charging points | 5 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest bp pulse Charging Station | 880 m (0.5 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | East Midlands Airport EMA | 22.7 km (14 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 3 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Plains View Surgery Good Dec 2023 | 590 m (0.4 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 8 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Peak Pharmacy | 670 m (0.4 miles) |
| NHS dentists | 5 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest The Plains Dental Practice | 670 m (0.4 miles) |
| Hospital | Nottingham Woodthorpe Hospital (Nuh) Good Sep 2025 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) |
| Care homes | 8 homes within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Orla House Good Oct 2026 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) |
| Police station | Nottinghamshire Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner | 1 km (0.7 miles) |
| Cash machines | Asda Mapperley - Woodborough Road PFS, Mapperley Cashzone | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 2.1 ha | 560 m (0.3 miles) |
| Play area | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 830 m² | 400 m (0.2 miles) |
| Playing field | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 2.0 ha | 390 m |
| Allotments | Unnamed 1.3 ha | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 2 parks and gardens, 2.3 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Hunger Hill Gardens, Stonepit Coppice Gardens and Gorseyclose Gardens, a registered park or garden (Grade II*), 2.7 km (1.7 miles) south-west. 2 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Hunger Hill Gardens, Stonepit Coppice Gardens and Gorseyclose Gardens | Registered park or garden, Grade II* | 2.7 km (1.7 miles) south-west |
| Bagthorpe Gardens | Registered park or garden, Grade II* | 2.8 km (1.7 miles) south-west |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Mapperley | Hill | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) south |
| Glade Hill | Hill | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) north-west |
| Black Wood | Wood | 2.8 km (1.7 miles) west |
| Sunrise Hill | Hill | 2.8 km (1.7 miles) west |
| Harvey's Plantation | Wood | 3 km (1.8 miles) east |
| Moyra Plantation | Wood | 3.2 km (2 miles) north-west |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 10.9 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 7.5 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 11.7 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 55 to 59 | 11 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 2 | 13 |
11 of the street's 13 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Gedling: see them on the Gedling page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection | Exam results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Good Shepherd Catholic Primary, Arnold Roman Catholic | Primary | 3–11 | 150 m | No overall grade (Jul 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Outstanding; Behaviour and attitudes: Outstanding; Personal development: Outstanding; Leadership and management: Outstanding | 74% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 12% at the higher standard (2025; 69% in 2024 and 69% in 2023) |
| Ernehale Infant School | Primary | 4–7 | 450 m (0.3 miles) | Good (May 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) | None published |
| Ernehale Junior School | Primary | 7–11 | 520 m (0.3 miles) | No published inspection | 86% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 14% at the higher standard (2025; 71% in 2024 and 61% in 2023) |
| Mapperley Plains Primary and Nursery School | Primary | 3–11 | 520 m (0.3 miles) | No overall grade (Dec 2024, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good | 71% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 5% at the higher standard (2025; 67% in 2024 and 82% in 2023) |
| Woodthorpe Infant School | Primary | 4–7 | 550 m (0.3 miles) | No overall grade (Jan 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good | None published |
| Arno Vale Junior School | Primary | 7–11 | 630 m (0.4 miles) | Good (May 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) | None published |
| Arnold Hill Spencer Academy | Secondary | 11–18 | 690 m (0.4 miles) | No overall grade (Jun 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Good; Behaviour and attitudes: Good; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Good | GCSE 2026 (provisional): Attainment 8 47.8 (49.8 in 2025 and 48.1 in 2024); 52.9% grade 5+ in English and maths A level 2025: average grade C+; 5.7% AAB or better; progress below average |
| Arnold View Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | No published inspection | 77% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 9% at the higher standard (2025; 57% in 2024 and 61% in 2023) |
| Christ The King Voluntary Academy Roman Catholic | Secondary | 11–18 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | No published inspection | GCSE 2026 (provisional): Attainment 8 46.8 (48.9 in 2025 and 47.6 in 2024); 41.8% grade 5+ in English and maths A level 2025: average grade C-; 6.3% AAB or better; progress average |
| Westdale Junior School | Primary | 7–11 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | Good (Dec 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 63% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 7% at the higher standard (2025; 61% in 2024 and 60% in 2023) |
| Westdale Infant and Nursery | Primary | 3–7 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | No published inspection | None published |
| Robert Mellors Primary Academy | Primary | 3–11 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) | Good (Oct 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 72% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 9% at the higher standard (2025; 66% in 2024 and 71% in 2023) |
Exam results are from the Department for Education's school performance tables (Explore Education Statistics, Open Government Licence), for all pupils at each school. The middle school in England had 63% at the expected standard at the end of primary school (2025), Attainment 8 of 46.0 at GCSE (2026) and an A level average of C+ (2025). Attainment 8 adds up a pupil's grades in eight GCSEs, with English and maths counted twice (90 is the most), averaged over the school's pupils. Progress 8 compares pupils with others who had the same results at the end of primary school; it is not published for GCSEs in 2025 and 2026, as those pupils sat no primary tests during the pandemic. Small year groups swing from year to year, and figures for very small ones are withheld.
Nurseries and childcare
The ten nearest nurseries, pre-schools and clubs are all within 1 km (0.6 miles); the nearest is 150 m from the middle of the street.
| Provider | Kind | Places | Latest inspection | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holiday Activities For Kids - Good Shepherd NG5 4LT | Out-of-school day care | 35 | Not inspected yet | 150 m |
| The Good Shepherd Pre-School NG5 4PT | Sessional day care | 28 | Good (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 370 m |
| The Lime Trees at Ernehale Infant School NG5 6TA | Out-of-school day care | 30 | Not inspected yet | 560 m (0.3 miles) |
| Weaverthorpe Pre-School NG5 6TA | Full day care | 30 | Good (May 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 560 m (0.3 miles) |
| The Lime Trees NG5 6TA | Out-of-school day care (over fives) | Not inspected yet | 560 m (0.3 miles) | |
| Woodthorpe Infants School Holiday Club NG5 4JG | Out-of-school day care | 20 | Not inspected yet | 620 m (0.4 miles) |
| Cherubs Mapperley NG3 6DG | Full day care | 73 | Good (Dec 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 710 m (0.4 miles) |
| Kids Planet Mapperley NG3 5JL | Full day care | 90 | Requires improvement (Aug 2025, overall grade under the previous framework) | 850 m (0.5 miles) |
| Mapperley Day Nursery NG3 6ES | Full day care | 60 | Good (Sep 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
| Coteswood House Pre-School and Day Nursery NG5 4HT | Full day care | 38 | Good (Feb 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
Ofsted also registers 381 childminders and 27 home childcarers (nannies) in Nottinghamshire. It does not publish their addresses, so they cannot be shown here; the council's family information service lists those taking children.
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somersby Convenience Stores NG5 4LW | Retailers - other | 130 m | 5 Very good | 28 Oct 2024 |
| Good Shepherd Primary Sch NG5 4LT | School/college/university | 150 m | 5 Very good | 22 Jan 2026 |
| Holiday Activities For Kids The Good Shepherd School NG5 4LT | School/college/university | 150 m | 5 Very good | 18 Mar 2026 |
| Thursday Club NG5 4PH | Other catering premises | 220 m | 5 Very good | 14 Jan 2026 |
| Treetops Public House NG3 5RF | Pub/bar/nightclub | 420 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 10 Sep 2025 |
| Snap Cafe NG3 5QT | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 430 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 3 Mar 2025 |
| Snap NG3 5QT | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 430 m (0.3 miles) | Awaiting inspection | |
| Ernehale Flying High Academy (Infants) NG5 6TA | School/college/university | 470 m (0.3 miles) | 5 Very good | 22 Sep 2026 |
Crime within 250 m
| Category | Crimes |
|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 11 |
| Other crime | 3 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Vehicle crime | 2 |
| Burglary | 1 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 1 |
Most of these are attached to: On or near Gresham Gardens (7); On or near Wintringham Crescent (4); On or near Nordean Road (3); On or near Walsingham Road (3); On or near De Vere Gardens (1).
Road safety
2 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around the street in 2021 to 2025: 0 fatal, 0 serious and 2 slight. 2 involved a cyclist; 1 involved a child under 16. 50% happened in the dark. Most were on roads with a 30 mph limit.
| Year | Collisions | Fatal or serious |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022 | 1 | 0 |
| 2023 | 1 | 0 |
| 2024 | 0 | 0 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| Date | Severity | Who was hurt | Road | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 May 2023 15:00 | Slight | 1 person: 1 cyclist, 1 child | Minor road, 20 mph | Daylight |
| 13 Jul 2022 21:30 | Slight | 1 person: 1 cyclist | Minor road, 30 mph | Dark, street lights on |
Only collisions in which someone was hurt and which the police were told about are here: damage-only collisions and near misses are not, and some injuries are never reported. Positions are recorded by the police, usually to within a few metres. Each year's figures are published the following September.
Traffic on nearby roads
The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles) is the B684, with 18,840 motor vehicles a day on average in 2025, 490 m (0.3 miles) from the street's postcodes.
| Road | Between | Vehicles a day | Lorries | Ten years before | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A6211 | Breck Hill Rd to Gedling Rd | 8,348 estimated; counted 2019 | 1% | -9% since 2015 | 310 m |
| B684 | Not recorded | 18,840 estimated; counted 2024 | 1% | 490 m (0.3 miles) |
Each figure is the annual average daily flow: the motor vehicles passing the count point, both ways, on an average day of the year. A point is counted by hand on a weekday every few years and estimated from the trend on similar roads in between. Lorries are heavy goods vehicles, as a share of all motor vehicles.
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 50 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 16% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 28% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 86% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 51% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | 0% | 1% |
| Social rented | under 1% | 17% |
| Private rented | 13% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 59% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 3% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 32% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 1% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 35% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 49% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | under 1% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 9% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 6% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 80% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 3% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 36% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 12% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 6% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 97% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | under 1% | 2% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 10 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
Nearby streets
Gresham Gardens · Wintringham Crescent · Fell Side · Somersby Road · Longridge Road · Barden Road · De Vere Gardens · Grouville Drive · Welbeck Gardens · Pateley Road · Wykeham Road · Lambourne Gardens
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported; road collisions count only those in which someone was hurt and the police were told.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.