Rhos Road Penyffordd, Flintshire
51 addresses across 2 postcodes (CH4), about 820 m (0.5 miles) long, classed as a minor road. USRN 46803450.
- Sales: 45 recorded sales since 1995; in 2025 the median was £472,500 across 2 sales.
- Prices and rents: A typical home in Flintshire cost £214,882 in August 2026 (+2.5% on a year); private rents averaged £817 a month.
- Energy: 23 homes have an energy certificate (B: 1, C: 2, D: 7, E: 11, F: 2).
- Flood: No postcode centre on the street is in flood zone 2 or 3.
- Recorded floods: No recorded flood covers the centre of any of its postcodes.
- Coal mining: It is in a coalfield, in a low risk area.
- Landfill: 2 historic landfill sites within 500 m (0.3 miles) of its postcodes; the nearest, Penyffordd Station, is 170 m away.
- Radon: Up to 30% or more of homes in the 1 km squares around it are estimated to be at or above the radon Action Level.
- Traffic: The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles), the A550, carries 12,211 motor vehicles a day on average (2025).
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band D; Band D in Flintshire costs £2,376 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 74% to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Penyffordd, about 130 m away in a straight line.
- Green space: The nearest park or garden, Waun-y-llyn Country Park, is about 2.8 km (1.7 miles) away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 4.9 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 5.3 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 86 to 109 m above sea level.
- Noise: 20 of its 51 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Leeswood Surgery, about 2.7 km (1.7 miles) away.
- People: About 310 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 84% of households owned their home and 32% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Road safety: No collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around it in 2021 to 2025.
£9.99 The Street Dossier Full Report for a home on Rhos Road: its own records, questions to ask the seller and everything on this page, in one PDF. Choose the home
House sales on this street
| Year | Sales | Median price | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2 | £472,500 | £375,000 | £570,000 |
| 2023 | 2 | £372,500 | £220,000 | £525,000 |
| 2022 | 2 | £215,000 | £195,000 | £235,000 |
| 2019 | 2 | £172,000 | £170,000 | £174,000 |
| 2018 | 2 | £320,000 | £275,000 | £365,000 |
| 2016 | 3 | £150,000 | £142,000 | £152,500 |
| 2015 | 2 | £120,000 | £105,000 | £135,000 |
| 2014 | 2 | £134,250 | £130,500 | £138,000 |
| 2013 | 1 | £355,000 | £355,000 | £355,000 |
| 2010 | 1 | £105,000 | £105,000 | £105,000 |
| 2009 | 1 | £127,500 | £127,500 | £127,500 |
| 2007 | 2 | £284,000 | £250,000 | £318,000 |
| Date | Address | Type | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Mar 2014 | 1 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £138,000 | |
| 6 Aug 2007 | 3 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £250,000 | |
| 19 Aug 2002 | 3 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £127,000 | |
| 3 May 2022 | 5 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £195,000 | |
| 1 May 2015 | 5 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £135,000 | |
| 7 Apr 2004 | 5 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £115,000 | |
| 30 Oct 1995 | 5 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £26,000 | |
| 11 Aug 2016 | 6 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £150,000 | |
| 4 Jun 2015 | 6 CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £105,000 | |
| 29 May 2025 | 7 CH4 0JR | Detached | £375,000 | |
| 13 Jul 2018 | 7 CH4 0JR | Detached | £275,000 | |
| 26 May 1995 | BROOKDALE CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £42,500 | |
| 8 Jul 2022 | BRYNTOR CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £235,000 | |
| 7 Jun 2019 | BRYNTOR CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £174,000 | |
| 20 Dec 2016 | BRYNTOR CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £142,000 | |
| 16 Apr 2004 | BRYNTOR CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £127,230 | |
| 24 Oct 1997 | BRYNTOR CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £39,750 | |
| 31 May 2023 | CARTREF CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £220,000 | |
| 17 May 2019 | CARTREF CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £170,000 | |
| 26 Nov 2010 | CARTREF CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £105,000 | |
| 19 Dec 2014 | COEDLLAI CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £130,500 | |
| 11 Sep 2009 | COEDLLAI CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £127,500 | |
| 21 May 2004 | COEDLLAI CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £125,000 | |
| 18 Apr 2002 | COEDLLAI CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £80,000 | |
| 18 Oct 2001 | COEDLLAI CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £66,000 | |
| 28 Jan 2000 | COEDLLAI CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £56,950 | |
| 29 Sep 1999 | DELFRYN CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £35,000 | |
| 23 Jun 2006 | FAIRFIELD CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £127,500 | |
| 28 Apr 2004 | FAIRFIELD CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £115,000 | |
| 5 Apr 2002 | FAIRFIELD CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £63,000 | |
| 27 Sep 2001 | FAIRFIELD CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £59,950 | |
| 27 Mar 1997 | FAIRFIELD CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £39,500 | |
| 22 Oct 1999 | GREENWAYS CH4 0JR | Detached | £71,500 | |
| 14 Aug 2022 | HOLLANDS CROFT CH4 0JR | Other | £300,000 | Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 18 Dec 2002 | HOMESTEAD CH4 0JR | Semi-detached | £70,000 | |
| 17 Jun 2016 | RHOS DENE CH4 0JR | Detached | £152,500 | |
| 1 Jul 2013 | RHOS FARM CH4 0JR | Detached | £355,000 | New build. |
| 6 Sep 2006 | RHYDD FARM CH4 0JR | Detached | £495,000 | |
| 13 Feb 2018 | STATION COTTAGE CH4 0JR | Detached | £365,000 | |
| 15 Jun 2007 | STATION COTTAGE CH4 0JR | Detached | £318,000 | |
| 26 Sep 2000 | STATION COTTAGE CH4 0JR | Detached | £145,000 | |
| 4 Dec 2025 | THE GABLES CH4 0JR | Detached | £570,000 | |
| 9 Aug 2023 | THE GABLES CH4 0JR | Detached | £525,000 | |
| 9 Dec 2015 | THE OAKS CH4 0JR | Detached | £480,000 | New build. Not a standard sale (repossession, buy-to-let or transfer). |
| 10 Dec 1997 | THE RHYD CH4 0JR | Detached | £185,000 |
House prices and rents in Flintshire
A typical home in Flintshire cost £214,882 in August 2026, 2.5% more than a year before. That is 18% more than five years earlier and 43% more than ten years earlier.
| Home | Typical price, Aug 2026 |
|---|---|
| Detached | £309,244 |
| Semi-detached | £192,039 |
| Terraced | £156,820 |
| Flat or maisonette | £105,420 |
| Bought by a first-time buyer | £184,800 |
Private renters in Flintshire paid £817 a month on average in September 2026, 7.9% more than a year before. That is 35% more than five years earlier.
| Home | Average rent a month, Sep 2026 |
|---|---|
| One bedroom | £599 |
| Two bedrooms | £763 |
| Three bedrooms | £899 |
| Four or more bedrooms | £1,335 |
Energy performance certificates
23 homes with a current certificate; median floor area 75 m². Most common: House, semi-detached (11); House, detached (7); Flat (2). Built: 1930-1949 (7); 1900-1929 (5); before 1900 (4). Tenure at assessment: owner-occupied (14); rented (private) (5).
Each home's certificates and sales (23 addresses)
- 1, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- 5 Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- 6, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Annexe, 7 Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Annexe Rhyd Cottage, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Bryn Tor, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Cartref, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Coed Llai, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Cromwell House, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Delfryn, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Fairfield, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Hazeldene, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Homestead, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Lilac Bank, Rhos Road
- Rhos Dene, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Rhos Farm, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Rhyd Cottage, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Rhyd Y Defaid, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Station Cottage, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- The Gables, Rhos Road
- The Oaks, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- The Old Dairy, Rhydd Farm, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
- Top Flat, Rhydd Farm, Rhos Road, Penyffordd
Gas and electricity use
Homes with gas used 10,519 kWh of it on average in 2024, about the same as the district, and 3,289 kWh of electricity, about the same as the district. There are gas meters for about 78% of the homes.
| Postcode | Electricity meters | Typical electricity | Gas meters | Typical gas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH4 0JR | 38 | 2,561 kWh | 24 | 10,676 kWh |
| CH4 0JW | 21 | 2,006 kWh | 22 | 7,535 kWh |
These are all the homes on each postcode, whatever their size and however many live in them, so they show the kind of homes and heating here rather than what any one home uses. The typical figure is the median: half the homes used less. The district is CH4.
Council tax
What each band costs in Flintshire in 2026-27: Band D £2,376 a year on average, including the police and community council charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,584 | £1,848 | £2,112 | £2,376 | £2,904 | £3,432 | £3,960 | £4,752 | £5,544 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhood around this street: most are in band D (26% of about 1,000 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 directions, tree preservation orders and green belt: Wales has no national record of these; the council's planning department holds them.
Energy projects nearby
No wind turbine or waste plant within 5 km (3.1 miles), and no solar farm, battery site or other project of 1 MW or more within 2 km (1.2 miles), of the street's postcodes, operating or planned.
Roadworks
Street works permits come from the Department for Transport's Street Manager, which covers England only.
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: of the 85 address points in this street's postcodes, 1 at high risk, 3 at medium risk and 2 at low risk. Each counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: 0 at high risk, 0 at medium risk and 2 at low risk. Surface water and small watercourses alone: 1 at high risk, 3 at medium risk and 0 at low risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. The map allows for flood defences. Address points are every property record (UPRN) in the postcode, each counted if it is in an area or within 5 m of one (the maps stop at building walls); a few are not homes, such as garages, business units or caravan pitches. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3. Welsh zones include an allowance for climate change.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk |
|---|---|---|
| CH4 0JR | not in 2 or 3 | 1 / 3 / 2 |
| CH4 0JW | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 0 |
Recorded floods
No recorded flood covers the centre of any of this street's postcodes.
Recorded floods are where floodwater was seen or surveyed after a flood. Many floods were never mapped, an outline over a postcode's centre does not mean every home in it flooded, and homes outside one may have. Ask the seller whether the home itself has flooded.
Coastal erosion
No projected coastal erosion zone is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Storm overflows
No storm overflow outlet is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes in this record, which covers the overflows reported to the Environment Agency: most of Wales's are reported to Natural Resources Wales instead.
Coal mining
2 of the street's 2 postcodes are in a coalfield, in a low risk area: coal was mined in the area, but no workings shallow enough to matter for building are recorded.
Conveyancers usually still order a coal mining search (CON29M) for a home in a coalfield.
Radon
The highest radon potential in the 1 km squares around the street's postcodes is 30% or more: up to that share of homes there is estimated to be at or above the Action Level of 200 becquerels per cubic metre. At least part of that area is a radon Affected Area, where 1% or more of homes are.
By postcode centre: 10 to 30% (2); 30% or more (1).
Radon is a natural radioactive gas from the ground that can build up indoors; long exposure raises the risk of lung cancer. A three-month test with two small detectors is the only way to know a home's level, and a high level can usually be brought down with a sump or better ventilation. Homes built here in recent decades should have radon protection under the building regulations (basic protection from 3%, full protection from 10%). UKHSA sells a radon report for a single address from its detailed map at ukradon.org.
Historic landfill
2 historic landfill sites are within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes, the nearest 170 m away.
| Site | Waste went in | Waste | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Penyffordd Station Penyffordd | 1986 to 1988 | Inert | 170 m |
| Rhos-Y-Bryniau Farm Penffordd | 1986 to 1988 | Inert | 250 m |
Closed tips can give off gas (methane and carbon dioxide) and leak into the ground for years. An environmental search, which conveyancers usually order, looks at landfill and contaminated land around the home; the council keeps a register of land it has found to be contaminated.
Height above sea level
The street's 51 addresses are between 86 m and 109 m above sea level (104 m on average); the ground rises about 23 m from the lowest to the highest.
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH4 0JR | 100% | 74% | 74% | 0% |
| CH4 0JW | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Penyffordd 29,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 130 m |
| Buckley 44,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 2.3 km (1.5 miles) | |
| Hope (Flintshire) 23,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 3 km (1.9 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 0 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 6 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Red Lion Penyffordd | 580 m (0.4 miles) |
| Bus or coach station | Bus Station 6 Mold | 6.4 km (4 miles) |
| EV charging points | Osprey Charging Station | 5.3 km (3.3 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Liverpool John Lennon Airport LPL | 25.5 km (16 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | Leeswood Surgery | 2.7 km (1.7 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 1 pharmacy within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Penyffordd Pharmacy | 810 m (0.5 miles) |
| NHS dentists | 1 practice within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Cambria Dental Practice | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) |
| Hospital | Deeside Community Hospital | 6.7 km (4.1 miles) |
| Police station | Llay Police Station | 5.3 km (3.3 miles) |
| Cash machines | The Cooperative Food Penyffordd, Hawarden Road, Penyffordd Cashzone | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | Waun-y-llyn Country Park 30 ha | 2.8 km (1.7 miles) |
| Play area | 3 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 680 m² | 410 m (0.3 miles) |
| Playing field | Unnamed 6,020 m² | 920 m (0.6 miles) |
| Allotments | Unnamed 3,580 m² | 900 m (0.6 miles) |
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Wat's Dyke: Section NW of Clawdd Offa, a scheduled monument, 520 m (0.3 miles) south-east. 1 listed building is within 1 km (0.6 miles).
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Wat's Dyke: Section NW of Clawdd Offa | Scheduled monument | 520 m (0.3 miles) south-east |
| Wat's Dyke: Section E and SE of Dyke Farm | Scheduled monument | 770 m (0.5 miles) north-west |
| Hartsheath | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) west |
| Wat's Dyke: Two sections between Clawdd Offa & Pigeon House Farm | Scheduled monument | 1.5 km (1 mile) south-east |
| Plas Teg | Registered park or garden, Grade II | 1.7 km (1.1 miles) south-west |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Coed Bryn-Llys | Wood | 910 m (0.6 miles) south-west |
| Fox Covert | Wood | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) west |
| Sandhole Wood | Wood | 1.7 km (1 mile) south-west |
| Padeswood Pool | Lake or reservoir | 2 km (1.2 miles) north-west |
| Warren Dingle | Valley | 2.7 km (1.7 miles) north-east |
| Knowl Hill | Hill | 3.5 km (2.2 miles) north |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 4.9 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 5.3 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 8.7 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; PM2.5 is above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 65 to 69 | 1 | 0 |
| 60 to 64 | 7 | 0 |
| 55 to 59 | 12 | 1 |
| Under 55 | 31 | 50 |
20 of the street's 51 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, and 1 from railways, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Flintshire: see them on the Flintshire page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection | Exam results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ysgol Penyffordd English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
| St John the Baptist VA School Church in Wales English medium | Primary | 3–11 | 2 km (1.2 miles) | Estyn reports · My Local School | Not published in Wales |
Exam results are from the Department for Education's school performance tables (Explore Education Statistics, Open Government Licence), for all pupils at each school. The middle school in England had 63% at the expected standard at the end of primary school (2025), Attainment 8 of 46.0 at GCSE (2026) and an A level average of C+ (2025). Attainment 8 adds up a pupil's grades in eight GCSEs, with English and maths counted twice (90 is the most), averaged over the school's pupils. Progress 8 compares pupils with others who had the same results at the end of primary school; it is not published for GCSEs in 2025 and 2026, as those pupils sat no primary tests during the pandemic. Small year groups swing from year to year, and figures for very small ones are withheld. Wales publishes no school results tables.
Nurseries and childcare
Ofsted registers childcare in England only. In Wales, nurseries, playgroups and childminders are registered and inspected by Care Inspectorate Wales, whose directory of services lists them with their reports.
Food hygiene ratings nearby
No rated food businesses within 500 m (0.3 miles).
Crime within 250 m
No crimes recorded at anonymised points within 250 m in this period (north-wales).
Road safety
No collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around the street in 2021 to 2025.
Only collisions in which someone was hurt and which the police were told about are here: damage-only collisions and near misses are not, and some injuries are never reported. Positions are recorded by the police, usually to within a few metres. Each year's figures are published the following September.
Traffic on nearby roads
The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles) is the A550 between A5104 and A5104, with 12,211 motor vehicles a day on average in 2025, 120 m from the street's postcodes.
| Road | Between | Vehicles a day | Lorries | Ten years before | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A5104 | A541 to A550 | 4,293 estimated; counted 2012 | 3% | +1% since 2015 | 70 m |
| A550 | A5104 to A5104 | 12,211 estimated; counted 2018 | 4% | -22% since 2015 | 120 m |
Each figure is the annual average daily flow: the motor vehicles passing the count point, both ways, on an average day of the year. A point is counted by hand on a weekday every few years and estimated from the trend on similar roads in between. Lorries are heavy goods vehicles, as a share of all motor vehicles.
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 50 | 43 |
| Children under 15 | 13% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 29% | 21% |
Homes
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 84% | 66% |
| Owned outright | 50% | 38% |
| Shared ownership | 0% | under 1% |
| Social rented | 10% | 17% |
| Private rented | 5% | 17% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 59% | 54% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 3% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 31% | 25% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 4% | 6% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 33% | 26% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 61% | 61% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 0% | under 1% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 0% | 3% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 5% | 8% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 46% | 60% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 15% | 10% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | Wales | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 32% | 32% |
| No qualifications | 15% | 20% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 6% | 6% |
| Main language English or Welsh (aged 3 and over) | 99% | 97% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | 0% | under 1% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhood around this street is in decile 10 of 10 on the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of Wales's 1,917 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
Nearby streets
A5104 · Rhos Avenue · Ffordd y Brwyner
All the streets in CH4 and across Flintshire.
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported; road collisions count only those in which someone was hurt and the police were told.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.