Shepcote Way Sheffield
33 addresses across 2 postcodes (S9), about 580 m (0.4 miles) long, classed as a restricted local access road. USRN 34409210.
- Prices and rents: A typical home in Sheffield cost £217,603 in August 2026 (+0.6% on a year); private rents averaged £936 a month.
- Flood: 2 addresses on its postcodes are in areas at high or medium risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water.
- Recorded floods: No recorded flood covers the centre of any of its postcodes.
- Coal mining: 2 of its postcodes are in a coal mining high risk area; ask for a coal mining search.
- Landfill: 4 historic landfill sites within 500 m (0.3 miles) of its postcodes; the nearest, British Steel Corporation, is 110 m away.
- Storm overflows: 2 storm overflows within 1 km (0.6 miles) spilled 29 times (28 hours) in 2025.
- Radon: Up to 1 to 3% of homes in the 1 km squares around it are estimated to be at or above the radon Action Level.
- Energy projects: 4 renewable energy projects nearby are planned or being built; the nearest, Clipper Logistics, Shepcote Lane - Solar Panels, is 710 m (0.4 miles) away.
- Traffic: The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles), the A6102, carries 24,351 motor vehicles a day on average (2025).
- Council tax: Most homes around it are in council tax band A; Band D in Sheffield costs £2,510 a year in 2026-27.
- Broadband: Gigabit broadband is available to 100% of premises.
- Transport: The nearest railway station is Darnall, about 1.4 km (0.9 miles) away in a straight line.
- Green space: There is a small park or garden about 590 m (0.4 miles) away, and Phillimore Park (2.3 hectares) is about 600 m (0.4 miles) away.
- Air: Background air pollution in 2024 was 14.7 µg/m³ of nitrogen dioxide and 8.0 of PM2.5, within UK legal limits.
- Height: Its addresses are 54 to 61 m above sea level.
- Noise: 3 of its 33 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic.
- Doctors: The nearest GP surgery is Clover North Darnall Health Centre, about 950 m (0.6 miles) away, with 2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile).
- People: About 620 people lived in the census areas around it in 2021; 25% of households owned their home and 17% of adults held a degree or other higher qualification.
- Road safety: 4 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around it in 2021 to 2025.
£9.99 The Street Dossier Full Report for a home on Shepcote Way: its own records, questions to ask the seller and everything on this page, in one PDF. Choose the home
House sales on this street
No sales recorded on this street since January 1995 under this street name.
House prices and rents in Sheffield
A typical home in Sheffield cost £217,603 in August 2026, 0.6% more than a year before. That is 19% more than five years earlier and 48% more than ten years earlier.
| Home | Typical price, Aug 2026 |
|---|---|
| Detached | £379,082 |
| Semi-detached | £237,042 |
| Terraced | £197,283 |
| Flat or maisonette | £132,556 |
| Bought by a first-time buyer | £192,153 |
Private renters in Sheffield paid £936 a month on average in September 2026, 4.1% more than a year before. That is 35% more than five years earlier.
| Home | Average rent a month, Sep 2026 |
|---|---|
| One bedroom | £693 |
| Two bedrooms | £844 |
| Three bedrooms | £972 |
| Four or more bedrooms | £1,345 |
Energy performance certificates
No certificates found for addresses on this street.
Gas and electricity use
None of the street's postcodes has the 5 or more domestic meters needed for figures to be published.
Council tax
What each band costs in Sheffield in 2026-27: Band D £2,510 a year on average, including the police, fire and any county and parish charges.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £1,673 | £1,952 | £2,231 | £2,510 | £3,068 | £3,626 | £4,184 | £5,020 |
Homes by band in the neighbourhoods around this street: most are in band A (94% of about 1,510 homes).
Planning and heritage
- Conservation area: no postcode centre in this street's postcodes is in one.
- Listed buildings on or by this street: none.
- Article 4 direction (removing permitted development rights): none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Tree preservation orders: none recorded, though not every council has published theirs.
- Green belt: no.
Brownfield land registered for housing within 1 km (0.6 miles)
- The Greenlands Clipstone Gardens Sheffield S9 5EZ, permissioned (550 m (0.3 miles))
Energy projects nearby
10 energy projects near the street's postcodes, 4 of them not yet operating.
| Project | Kind | Size | Stage | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clipper Logistics, Shepcote Lane - Solar Panels Sheffield 22/04136/FUL | Solar farm | 1.1 MW | Permission granted, not yet built Jan 2023 | 710 m (0.4 miles) |
| Shepcote Lane - Solar Photovoltaic Panels Sheffield 23/01684/FUL | Solar farm | 4.3 MW | Permission granted, not yet built Aug 2023 | 930 m (0.6 miles) |
| Sytner BMW Sheffield, Brightside Way - Solar Panels Sheffield 25/03219/PVPN | Solar farm | 1 MW | Permission granted, not yet built Dec 2025 | 1.7 km (1 mile) |
| Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre | Wind 2 turbines | 2.6 MW | Operational Jan 2009 | 2.1 km (1.3 miles) |
| Blackburn Meadows Biomass Plant Sheffield 08/01225/OUT | Biomass | 30 MW | Operational Jul 2014 | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) |
| Former Templeborough Steel Works Rotherham RB2016/0891 | Advanced Conversion Technologies | 23 MW | Permission granted, not yet built Oct 2016 | 2.5 km (1.6 miles) |
| Sheffield ERF | Energy from waste (incinerator) | 19.3 MW | Operational Mar 1999 | 2.9 km (1.8 miles) |
| Meadow Hall Power Rotherham RB19940251 | Landfill Gas | 1.1 MW | Operational Jul 2007 | 3 km (1.9 miles) |
| Templeborough Biomass Power Plant- Rotherham Rotherham RB2010/0668 | Biomass | 42 MW | Operational Feb 2019 | 3.5 km (2.2 miles) |
| Parkwood Landfill Scheme | Landfill Gas | 1.2 MW | Operational Nov 2004 | 4.7 km (2.9 miles) |
Planned projects can change or not go ahead; search the planning authority's applications by the reference shown for the plans, conditions and any objections. Construction brings traffic for some months; once built, solar farms and batteries are usually quiet, while turbines and waste plants can be seen or heard further away.
Roadworks
No street works under way, planned or finished in the last three months on this street, in permits up to 31 October 2026.
Flood risk
Rivers, the sea or surface water: in this street's postcodes, 2 addresses are in areas at high risk, 0 at medium risk and 3 at low risk. Each address counts once, at the higher of its rivers-and-sea and surface-water risk.
Rivers and the sea alone: no home is in an area at risk.
High: 3.3% (1 in 30) or more chance of flooding a year. Medium: 1% to 3.3%. Low: 0.1% to 1%. Very low: under 0.1%. The rivers and sea figures allow for flood defences. Counts cover whole postcodes, which can include other streets.
Flood zone for planning: no postcode centre on this street is in flood zone 2 or 3.
| Postcode | Planning zone | Addresses at high / medium / low risk | Groundwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| S9 1TH | not in 2 or 3 | 2 / 0 / 2 | unlikely |
| S9 1TG | not in 2 or 3 | 0 / 0 / 1 | unlikely |
Recorded floods
No recorded flood covers the centre of any of this street's postcodes.
Recorded floods are where floodwater was seen or surveyed after a flood. Many floods were never mapped, an outline over a postcode's centre does not mean every home in it flooded, and homes outside one may have. Ask the seller whether the home itself has flooded.
Coastal erosion
No projected coastal erosion zone is within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes.
Storm overflows
2 storm overflows within 1 km (0.6 miles) of the street's postcodes spilled 29 times, for 28 hours in all, in 2025. They discharge into Car Brook.
| Overflow | Into | Spills | Hours | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greenland Road Cso Yorkshire Water | Car Brook | 21 | 23 | 250 m |
| Greenland Way Cso Yorkshire Water; monitored 86% of the year | Car Brook | 8 | 4 | 370 m |
A storm overflow lets sewage diluted with rainwater into a river, stream or the sea when heavy rain overwhelms the sewers, so the spills here affect the water they run into, not homes. A spill is counted the regulators' way: a first 12 hours, then each 24 hours it goes on.
Coal mining
2 of the street's 2 postcodes are in a coal mining high risk area, where coal mining features at or near the surface, such as shallow workings or old mine shafts, are recorded or likely and could affect the ground.
Ask your conveyancer for a coal mining search (CON29M) on the home: it says what is recorded beneath and near it, and whether there have been claims for subsidence damage.
Radon
The highest radon potential in the 1 km squares around the street's postcodes is 1 to 3%: up to that share of homes there is estimated to be at or above the Action Level of 200 becquerels per cubic metre. At least part of that area is a radon Affected Area, where 1% or more of homes are.
By postcode centre: less than 1% (1); 1 to 3% (2).
Radon is a natural radioactive gas from the ground that can build up indoors; long exposure raises the risk of lung cancer. A three-month test with two small detectors is the only way to know a home's level, and a high level can usually be brought down with a sump or better ventilation. UKHSA sells a radon report for a single address from its detailed map at ukradon.org.
Historic landfill
4 historic landfill sites are within 500 m (0.3 miles) of the street's postcodes, the nearest 110 m away.
| Site | Waste went in | Waste | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| British Steel Corporation Tinsley Park Works, Shepcote Lane, Sheffield | 1978 to 1990 | Inert, industrial, liquid sludge | 110 m |
| Avesta Tinsley Park Works Shepcote Lane | 1989 to 1994 | Industrial | 110 m |
| Avesta Tinsley Park Works Tinsley Park Works, Shepcote Lane, Sheffield | Not recorded | Inert, commercial | 130 m |
| Greenland Road Greenland, Sheffield | from 1946 | Industrial | 230 m |
Closed tips can give off gas (methane and carbon dioxide) and leak into the ground for years. An environmental search, which conveyancers usually order, looks at landfill and contaminated land around the home; the council keeps a register of land it has found to be contaminated.
Height above sea level
The street's 33 addresses are between 54 m and 61 m above sea level (57 m on average); the ground rises about 7 m from the lowest to the highest.
Broadband
| Postcode | Superfast (30 Mbit/s+) | Ultrafast (300 Mbit/s+) | Gigabit | Below 10 Mbit/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S9 1TG | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| S9 1TH | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% |
Getting around
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Railway stations | Darnall 22,000 journeys in 2024–25 | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) |
| Meadowhall 1.9 million journeys in 2024–25 | 2.4 km (1.5 miles) | |
| Sheffield 10 million journeys in 2024–25 | 4.2 km (2.6 miles) | |
| Underground, metro or tram | Valley Centertainment | 770 m (0.5 miles) |
| Arena/Olympic Legacy Park | 1 km (0.6 miles) | |
| Carbrook | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | |
| Bus stops | 5 stops within 400 m (0.2 miles), 26 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Europa Link/Europa Drive Tinsley Park | 330 m |
| Bus or coach station | Meadowhall Interchange/A1 | 2.3 km (1.4 miles) |
| EV charging points | 4 within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest InstaVolt Charging Station | 510 m (0.3 miles) |
| Airport with scheduled flights | Leeds Bradford Airport LBA | 54.9 km (34 miles) |
Local services
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| GP surgeries | 2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Clover North Darnall Health Centre Good Sep 2023 | 950 m (0.6 miles) |
| Pharmacies | 3 pharmacies within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Darnall Pharmacy | 950 m (0.6 miles) |
| NHS dentists | 2 practices within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Staniforth Road (Dental Surgery) | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) |
| Hospital | Northern General Hospital Requires improvement Dec 2022 | 3.6 km (2.2 miles) |
| Care homes | 1 home within 1.6 km (1 mile); nearest Darnall Grange Good Jul 2026 | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) |
| Police station | South Yorkshire Police Custody Suite | 700 m (0.4 miles) |
| Cash machines | Centertainment - The Leisure Partnership Cashzone | 810 m (0.5 miles) |
Parks and green space
| Nearest | Distance | |
|---|---|---|
| Park or garden | 2 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.3 ha | 590 m (0.4 miles) |
| Largest park within 800 m (0.5 miles) | Phillimore Park 2.3 ha | 600 m (0.4 miles) |
| Play area | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 460 m² | 640 m (0.4 miles) |
| Playing field | 1 within 800 m (0.5 miles); nearest Unnamed 1.8 ha | 660 m (0.4 miles) |
| Allotments | Infield Lane Allotment Gardens 5.8 ha | 1 km (0.6 miles) |
Within 800 m (0.5 miles): 2 parks and gardens, 3.5 hectares in all.
Landmarks
The nearest historic landmark is Former Sanderson's Darnall Steelworks and Don Valley Glassworks, Darnall Road, a scheduled monument, 1.2 km (0.7 miles) south-west. 8 listed buildings are within 1 km (0.6 miles).
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Former Sanderson's Darnall Steelworks and Don Valley Glassworks, Darnall Road | Scheduled monument | 1.2 km (0.7 miles) south-west |
| Name | What it is | From the middle of the street |
|---|---|---|
| Acres Hill | Hill | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) south |
| Bowden Housteads Wood | Wood | 2.1 km (1.3 miles) south |
| Corker Bottoms | Valley | 2.5 km (1.5 miles) south-west |
| Wood Hill | Hill | 2.5 km (1.6 miles) west |
| Treeton Dyke | Lake or reservoir | 4.2 km (2.6 miles) south-east |
| Don Island | Island | 4.4 km (2.8 miles) north-east |
Air quality
| Pollutant | Here | UK limit | WHO guideline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 14.7 | 40 | 10 |
| Fine particles (PM2.5) | 8.0 | 20 | 5 |
| Particles (PM10) | 13.2 | 40 | 15 |
All three are within the UK legal limits; nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 are above the WHO guideline, as in most towns and cities.
Road and rail noise
| Level | Road traffic | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| 70 to 74 | 1 | 0 |
| 65 to 69 | 1 | 0 |
| 60 to 64 | 1 | 0 |
| Under 55 | 30 | 33 |
3 of the street's 33 addresses are modelled at 55 dB or more from road traffic, above the WHO guidelines.
Climate, daylight and earthquakes
Monthly temperatures and rainfall, sunrise and sunset through the year, and earthquakes recorded nearby since 1970 are much the same across the area, so they are worked out once for Sheffield: see them on the Sheffield page.
Nearest schools
| School | Phase | Ages | Distance | Inspection | Exam results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phillimore Community Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 750 m (0.5 miles) | Good (Feb 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 49% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 0% at the higher standard (2025; 44% in 2024 and 33% in 2023) |
| High Hazels Nursery Infant Academy | Primary | 3–7 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | No published inspection | None published |
| High Hazels Junior School | Primary | 7–11 | 1.1 km (0.7 miles) | Good (Jan 2020, overall grade under the previous framework) | 65% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 4% at the higher standard (2025; 56% in 2024 and 61% in 2023) |
| UTC Sheffield Olympic Legacy Park | Secondary | 13–19 | 1.3 km (0.8 miles) | No published inspection | GCSE 2026 (provisional): Attainment 8 41.4 (44.0 in 2025 and 42.6 in 2024); 34.4% grade 5+ in English and maths A level 2025: average grade C-; progress below average |
| Oasis Academy Don Valley | All-through | 2–16 | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) | Report card (May 2026): Curriculum and teaching: Needs attention; Achievement: Needs attention; Attendance and behaviour: Needs attention; Personal development and wellbeing: Expected standard; Inclusion: Needs attention; Leadership and governance: Expected standard; Early years: Expected standard; Safeguarding standards: Met | 51% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 3% at the higher standard (2025; 59% in 2024 and 51% in 2023) GCSE 2026 (provisional): Attainment 8 34.3 (36.8 in 2025 and 36.1 in 2024); 28.6% grade 5+ in English and maths |
| Brightside Nursery Infant School | Primary | 3–7 | 1.9 km (1.2 miles) | Outstanding (Jun 2024, overall grade under the previous framework) | None published |
| Acres Hill Community Primary School | Primary | 3–11 | 2 km (1.2 miles) | No overall grade (Jan 2025, graded inspection without an overall judgement): Quality of education: Requires improvement; Behaviour and attitudes: Requires improvement; Personal development: Good; Leadership and management: Requires improvement | 45% at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, 15% at the higher standard (2025; 28% in 2024 and 18% in 2023) |
Exam results are from the Department for Education's school performance tables (Explore Education Statistics, Open Government Licence), for all pupils at each school. The middle school in England had 63% at the expected standard at the end of primary school (2025), Attainment 8 of 46.0 at GCSE (2026) and an A level average of C+ (2025). Attainment 8 adds up a pupil's grades in eight GCSEs, with English and maths counted twice (90 is the most), averaged over the school's pupils. Progress 8 compares pupils with others who had the same results at the end of primary school; it is not published for GCSEs in 2025 and 2026, as those pupils sat no primary tests during the pandemic. Small year groups swing from year to year, and figures for very small ones are withheld.
Nurseries and childcare
5 nurseries, pre-schools and clubs within 1.5 km (0.9 miles), the nearest 1 km (0.6 miles) from the middle of the street.
| Provider | Kind | Places | Latest inspection | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Let's Play @ EIS Sheffield S9 5DA | Out-of-school day care (over fives) | Not inspected yet | 1 km (0.6 miles) | |
| Darnall Community Nursery S9 4RA | Full day care | 42 | Outstanding (Jun 2023, overall grade under the previous framework) | 1.2 km (0.8 miles) |
| Kidz@work Ltd S9 1XH | Full day care | 132 | Outstanding (Jun 2022, overall grade under the previous framework) | 1.4 km (0.9 miles) |
| My Ohana IKEA Sheffield S9 2YL | Sessional day care (over fives) | Not inspected yet | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) | |
| OSMIS Mentoring & Inclusion Service CiC S9 3TY | Full day care (over fives) | Not inspected yet | 1.5 km (0.9 miles) |
Ofsted also registers 169 childminders and 26 home childcarers (nannies) in Sheffield. It does not publish their addresses, so they cannot be shown here; the council's family information service lists those taking children.
Food hygiene ratings nearby
| Business | Type | Distance | Rating | Rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TeamSport S9 1TH | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 100 m | 5 Very good | 18 Feb 2026 |
| Pollards Wholesale Ltd S9 1TL | Retailers - other | 110 m | Exempt | |
| Yorkshire Rose Cafe S9 1XT | Restaurant/Cafe/Canteen | 430 m (0.3 miles) | 3 Generally satisfactory | 18 Dec 2025 |
| Londis/Shell Ring Road Service Station S9 5HE | Retailers - other | 460 m (0.3 miles) | 3 Generally satisfactory | 19 Jun 2025 |
Crime within 250 m
No crimes recorded at anonymised points within 250 m in this period (south-yorkshire).
Road safety
4 collisions in which someone was hurt were reported on and around the street in 2021 to 2025: 0 fatal, 0 serious and 4 slight. 1 involved a cyclist. Most were on roads with a 30 mph limit.
| Year | Collisions | Fatal or serious |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2 | 0 |
| 2022 | 1 | 0 |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 |
| 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| Date | Severity | Who was hurt | Road | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Aug 2024 18:34 | Slight | 1 person | A631, 40 mph | Daylight |
| 22 Jan 2022 13:45 | Slight | 1 person | A631, 30 mph | Daylight |
| 26 Aug 2021 05:30 | Slight | 1 person: 1 cyclist | A612, 40 mph | Daylight |
| 6 Jan 2021 14:00 | Slight | 1 person | A631, 30 mph | Wet road |
Only collisions in which someone was hurt and which the police were told about are here: damage-only collisions and near misses are not, and some injuries are never reported. Positions are recorded by the police, usually to within a few metres. Each year's figures are published the following September.
Traffic on nearby roads
The busiest counted road within 500 m (0.3 miles) is the A6102 between A631 and A6178, with 24,351 motor vehicles a day on average in 2025, 360 m from the street's postcodes.
| Road | Between | Vehicles a day | Lorries | Ten years before | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A6102 | A631 to A6178 | 24,351 estimated; counted 2022 | 3% | +9% since 2015 | 360 m |
Each figure is the annual average daily flow: the motor vehicles passing the count point, both ways, on an average day of the year. A point is counted by hand on a weekday every few years and estimated from the trend on similar roads in between. Lorries are heavy goods vehicles, as a share of all motor vehicles.
People and work
Who lives here
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 36 | 40 |
| Children under 15 | 21% | 17% |
| Aged 65 and over | 15% | 18% |
Homes
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Owned (outright or with a mortgage) | 25% | 61% |
| Owned outright | 16% | 33% |
| Shared ownership | 0% | 1% |
| Social rented | 70% | 17% |
| Private rented | 6% | 21% |
Work and commuting
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (16 and over) in work | 39% | 57% |
| Unemployment (of those working or looking for work) | 14% | 6% |
| Retired (of adults) | 16% | 22% |
| Long-term sick or disabled (of adults) | 11% | 4% |
| Work mainly from home (of those in work) | 13% | 32% |
| Travel to work by car or van | 57% | 48% |
| By train, Underground, metro or tram | 3% | 4% |
| By any public transport, including bus | 13% | 8% |
| On foot or by bicycle | 10% | 10% |
| Work within 10 km (6 miles) of home (of those who travel to work) | 82% | 65% |
| Work 30 km (19 miles) or more away | 2% | 8% |
Education and languages
| Around this street | England | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree or other higher qualification, Level 4+ (of adults) | 17% | 34% |
| No qualifications | 39% | 18% |
| Apprenticeship as highest qualification | 4% | 5% |
| Main language English (aged 3 and over) | 74% | 91% |
| Cannot speak English well or at all | 7% | 2% |
Deprivation
The neighbourhoods around this street are all in decile 1 of 10 on the English Indices of Deprivation 2025, where 1 is the most deprived tenth of England's 33,755 neighbourhoods and 10 the least.
What has changed
Nothing new since the change feed started on 30 October 2026. New sales and energy certificates, and hygiene ratings, school inspections and flood figures nearby, will be listed here as the sources update.
Postcodes on this street
Nearby streets
What this page cannot tell you
- Whether a particular house is at risk of flooding, subsiding or anything else: the flood map is a model of areas and there is no property-level data here.
- What a home is worth now: sales are historic prices for the homes that happened to sell.
- How safe the street is: crime points are moved to anonymised locations and many crimes are never reported; road collisions count only those in which someone was hurt and the police were told.
- Whether you would get a place at a school: distances are straight lines, not catchments.
- Who lives on the street now: census figures describe the small areas around it in March 2021, during a lockdown.
- How long a journey takes or how often anything runs: transport distances are straight lines to the nearest stops.
- Whether a GP practice is taking new patients, or a dentist new NHS patients.
- How loud a home is inside, or noise from industry, neighbours or smaller airfields: noise figures are models of road, rail and air traffic outside.
How each figure on this page is matched to the street and worked out: methodology.